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In the realm of mental health treatment, the pursuit of innovative therapies helps expands the boundaries of our understanding of the brain. One interesting recent approach is the use of ketamine, an anesthetic and dissociative agent that is now being used widely in US clinics for the treatment of various mental health conditions. Here we will highlight some the potential benefits of this mild form of psychoactive therapy, and some of it's positive effects on individuals grappling with depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders.

The Rapid Drug

Ketamine, originally developed in the 1960s as an anesthetic, has long been associated with its hallucinogenic properties. However, in recent years, its potential to alleviate the burden of mental health disorders has taken center stage in scientific research, showing that it triggers a small cascade or neuobiological effects within the brain.

Unlike traditional antidepressants, which may take weeks to exert their effects, ketamine has shown rapid-acting properties, sometimes providing relief within hours, and positive neurobiological effects lasting around 6 weeks from a single dose. As such, only infrequent sessions are needed to achieve short, medium and long term benefits, making treatment more affordable than most other available options.

Unraveling Depression's Grip

Depression, a pervasive and debilitating condition, affects millions worldwide. Standard treatment options, including antidepressants and therapy, have shown effective only for a third of patients or less, and often fall short in cases of treatment-resistant depression. Ketamine therapy offers an alternative lifeline to those who have exhausted conventional treatments, with much more limited risks of side effects. The immediacy and predictability of it's effects also make it more amenable as a combined drug-psychotherapy treatment.

Studies have demonstrated that ketamine acts on the brain's glutamate system, promoting the growth of new neural connections. This mechanism appears to alleviate depressive symptoms, providing individuals with newfound clarity and hope. The treatment's speed and efficacy are a key advantage for realizing which patients are responsive to the benefits.

Easing the Effects of Anxiety

Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), can be equally crippling. Ketamine therapy's potential to address these conditions provides a glimmer of new hope for patients plagued by worry and fear, sometimes persistent over many years.

Ketamine appears to help by modulating the brain's fear and anxiety circuits, allowing individuals to confront and process traumatic memories in a therapeutic setting. This new form of therapy may bring about a minimalistic intervention options for anxiety related disorders.

Embracing the Future of Mental Health

Beyond depression and anxiety, ketamine therapy has shown initially promising findings for treating a spectrum of mental health conditions, including bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and even addiction. The versatility of this therapy underscores its potential to reshape the mental health landscape. More research is needed on they emerging therapy option, but the fact that it is already actively being applied in healthcare settings will help accelerate discoveries on it's potential treatment efficacy.

Nevertheless, it is important to note the complexity and variation across different mental health conditions, and that ketamine therapy is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Research focused on optimizing dosage, frequency and duration of treatments for different individuals is vital to effectively access the long-term benefits. Ethical and regulatory considerations must also be more fully developed to guide responsible use in clinical settings.

Overall, ketamine therapy offers a fresh development avenue for the future of mental health treatment. Its rapid-acting nature, effectiveness in treatment-resistant cases, and versatility in addressing a range of mental health conditions make it especially interesting for patients who have suffered long-term psychological problems, without response to conventional treatments.

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Our body inevitably changes as we age—from the sagging of our skin to the spots in our body and the frailing of our bones. While some non-invasive procedures and healthy habits may delay the onset, these physical changes are part of aging and cannot be avoided.

These physical changes often cause many diseases and accidents, so it is very important for older people to have the adequate care they need from their family or a senior institution. Some of these accidents, like accidents and falls, can be very dangerous and deadly.

In this article, we will discuss everything about falls that occur among older people—why they happen, what to do to prevent and treat them and the effects and repercussions of a dangerous fall.

What is a Fall in Older People?

Everybody knows what a fall is—an event where a person drops to the ground or any lower level. The causes and reasons vary by condition, environment, or physical or mental capacities.

According to Alex Milligan, Co-founder & CMO of NuggMD, “While researchers are still struggling to agree on a single definition for what a ‘fall’ is, those who have experienced a fall, especially older people, would define fall with an accompanying underlying cause.”

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 36 million falls are reported each year for older adults aged 65 years old and above, resulting in approximately 32,000 deaths—the numbers of which are reportedly increasing, especially for those 85 years old and older.

What causes falls in older people?

There are so many risk factors that can cause the falling of an older person. It could be due to a physical weakness, a mental incapacity, or a combination of both. Some of them are as follows:

Body changes

As we age, our body structure and strength inevitably weaken. Our body naturally degenerates and regenerates, but as we grow older, some cells naturally deteriorate our bones without restoring them. This releases the minerals in the bones and creates tiny holes, eventually thinning the outer layer of the bones.

Some of the physical changes we might notice because of these are:

● Weaker lower body

● Difficulty in balancing

● Weaker muscles

● Dizziness

● Poor eyesight and hearing

● Loss of consciousness

● Body deformities

● Foot problems

Environmental factors

Falls are generally manageable, even with some physical problems, if family members take extra care and effort to ensure that an older adult's environment is safe and free from danger.

Some of the dangerous environmental factors that may cause a fall in older people are:

● Lack of bodily support like railings, canes, etc.

● Poor lighting around the house

● Messy, slippery, and uneven floors

● Unsafe footwear

Are Falls Common in Older People?

If we look at the causes of why people generally fall, we can conclude that older people are more prone to falls than any other age group. Not only is it common, but falls can also be costly and deadly for older people.

According to John Gardner, Co-Founder & CEO of Kickoff, “When we age, our bodies become more frail and therefore cannot handle as much physical activity as when we were younger. The reason why falls are common in older people has much to do with many risk factors rather than one single reason, which is why it is crucial that the family or the institution is aware of their needs.”

Major Repercussions of Falls in Older People

Be it a light fall or a hard fall, falls can have dire consequences among older people. Some of these are:

● Broken bones, hips, wrists, arms, or ankles, depending on the gravity and the affected fall area.

● Light concussions of severe head injuries

● Fear of falling again, mainly due to severe trauma from the first fall or because of constant falling

● Death

Because of various health conditions like osteoporosis, weakening of muscles or frailty, and several environmental factors, the repercussions of falls can be light to severe and, when not prevented or treated immediately, can cause the loss of life.

How are Falls Treated?

The general treatment methods for fall-related injuries are RICE or Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.

This method works for most mild fall injuries, even for older people. However, it is best to consult a doctor or rush an older patient to the emergency room despite a mild fall to ensure there are no hidden side effects from the fall and address any underlying medical condition that may have caused the fall.

How to Prevent Falls for Older People

There are many steps you can take to make sure that you or your older loved one is fall-proof, whether inside the house, outside, or at a senior institution:

Be physically active

The best way to prevent a fall is by ensuring that an elder is still physically and mentally active despite age. They don’t have to undergo intense strength training or spend hours at the gym to be physically active.

For older people, following a regular exercise plan is enough, whether taking a 30-minute early morning walk or a 30-minute Zumba class. If you can still do simple workouts, try building your strength from the feet up. Regular movement helps keep our muscles and joints flexible.

Be mentally active

Being mentally active and healthy is also important in ensuring our mind is alert in case of any accidents and emergencies. As we age, we tend to neglect our mental health while focusing on physical health, not knowing that both are important gears that keep our overall well-being healthy.

To be mentally healthy as an elder, remember to:

● Keep your social circle alive

● Have hobbies

● Learn which things to let go of for your peace of mind

● Play mind games

● Keep reading and learning

Be generally healthy

Being generally healthy means attending regular health checkups and avoiding unhealthy, fatty, oily, and sugary foods. For healthy bones, a balanced diet is needed. Also, ensure taking sufficient calcium and Vitamin D to promote bone health.

Also, ensure to have eyesight and hearing tested and checked regularly, as these are the most common perpetrators of falls among older people.

You don’t need to get overwhelmed about taking care of yourself. There are simple ways to improve your overall health—just be constant and be present.

Make your home a safe space

Our environment is responsible for most accidents and falls, not only for older people but everyone in general.

Tim White, Founder of Milepro, says, “A safe space starts with ensuring that there is a place for everything. A toy left behind on the floor, an uncleaned spilled milk, or a wet rug are simple things you might have forgotten, but for households with older people who are at constant risk of falling, these things are definite accidental hazards.”

To make your home a safe space, keep all things in their places, and install assistive devices or give older people assistive devices inside the house.

Make sure senior institutions are well-equipped

Most families who cannot care for their senior loved ones decide to leave them in assisted living facilities. There are many senior living options available, be it senior apartments, home care, nursing homes, or memory care, depending on the elder's needs.

In choosing a senior institution, it is important to make sure that these are well-equipped with the right assistive devices for seniors, as well as a good track record of medical aids, to help your loved ones prevent and get cared for in case of a fall.

Wrapping Up

Older people are at higher risk of accidental falls due to many different health and environmental factors, now more than ever.

Many of these factors are within our control, so it is crucial to make sure that, when living with an older adult, we make our homes a safe space to live in and provide them with the best care to lessen the risks of falling and its life-threatening repercussions.

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A modern trend in neuroscience is an increasing rate of discoveries showing that our brains and bodies are functionally coupled in ways previously unimagined. Here we will explore highlights of 3 NeuroTracker studies that demonstrate how cognitive impairments can directly affect our physical skills and health. The upside here are the promising findings that cognitive training methods like NeuroTracker can also provide an effective and surprisingly accessible antidote – let’s explore!

1. Improved Fine Motor-skills in Older Patients with Cognitive Impairment

Grasping and handling objects with hands and fingers while making coordinated movements is referred to as manual dexterity, or fine motor skills. As part of the normal cognitive effects associated with aging, manual dexterity typically declines along with other functions such as attention, memory, and information processing speed.

In healthy aging the decline isn’t very significant. However, for common cognitive impairments caused by age-related neurodegeneration, such as dementia, loss of fine motor control can greatly affect functioning in daily life.

Mexico General Hospital patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia undertook a NeuroTracker training intervention before and after two standardized assessments of fine-motor skills testing manual hand dexterity.

Results showed strong transfer effects from the training, with large improvements in movement skill accuracy and execution speed. Additionally, analysis of NeuroTracker learning rates indicated that only 90-minutes of distributed training was needed to achieve the benefits.

Takeaway

By essentially doing nothing more than visually tracking multiple objects in less than the time it takes to watch a movie, this research demonstrates that physical functions can be cognitively improved in ways that directly improve quality of life in aging. In addition, other NeuroTracker research indicates that the benefits of such a training intervention may be sustained beyond one year.

Study link: Effect of 3D-Multiple Object Tracking Training on Manual Dexterity in Elderly Adults with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2. Fall Risk Reduction for Elderlies

Falls for elderly people typically result in severe injuries that not only affect mobility, but also reduce confidence to leave the home or perform normal activities like walking or driving, consequently leading to general long-term decline in quality of life. This is often referred to by doctors as ‘slip, trip and fall’ risk, which represents the greatest threat to health in later life.

Elderly residents (av. 80 years old) of a Japanese day care facility engaged in a clinically controlled study involving a 3-hour NeuroTracker training intervention over 5 weeks, along with a battery of 5 pre-post standardized assessments used to predict fall-risk.

The NeuroTracker group experienced significant or large post-test improvements on all 5 assessments, whereas control participants showed overall decline. The researchers concluded that NeuroTracker training offers an effective intervention for preventing falls for elderlies.

Takeaway

Falls in later life have long term repercussions affecting overall quality of life and life expectancy. If fall risk can be significantly reduced, the old adage ‘prevention is better than cure’, couldn’t be truer. Encouragingly, this research reveals that just a few hours of visual training can help people live more safely into old age.

Study link (in Japanese): Verification of Training Effect of Three-Dimensional Multiple-Object Tracking Task in Community-dwelling Elderly

3. ACL Injury Risk Prediction with Athletes

Instinctively we put sports injuries down to the physical demands of sports.  However, many sports tax the brain as much as the body, with research showing a relationship between cognitive functions and increased incidence of injuries.  This pilot study at the University of Montreal looked to see if placing demands on the brain could change motor-skill performance, specifically in ways that could reveal hidden risks of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Collegiate soccer, volleyball, and football athletes were tasked with completing 16 single-leg forward and lateral jumps, which were measured via force plates and precise motion capture of the legs and pelvis using 36 markers.  For half of the jump sequences the athletes simultaneously performed NeuroTracker to simulate the cognitive loads of competition.

Hip and knee kinematics changed significantly when performing NeuroTracker at the same time as the jumps.  The largest change was found with a change in knee abduction angle, known to be strongly associated with ACL strain. The NeuroTracker task revealed that 60% of the participants were suseptible to significantly increased ACL injury risk, specifically induced by the added cognitive load of multiple object tracking.

Takeaway

ACL injuries are common in many sports with complex rehabilitation challenges. They are also self-inflicted injuries caused by impairments in motor-skill when performing under pressure. This research showed for the first time that cognitive load can acutely change an athlete’s dynamic movement in ways that put them at risk of self-injury, and that some individuals are much more susceptible to this effect than others. More importantly, it suggests that improving cognitive abilities associated with these demands may prevent such injuries before they can happen.

Study link: The combined impact of a perceptual–cognitive task and neuromuscular fatigue on knee biomechanics during landing

Hopefully you found these research discoveries on how cognitive and physical skills are closely intertwined enlightening. If you’d like to explore more NeuroTracker research discoveries, along with insights from expert practitioners, then check out our NeuroTracker focused blogs.

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In the intricate dance of human existence, the connection between the brain and body is a piece of biological symphony. A trend in recent neuroscience is the discovery of a growing panorama of bidirectional influences, where the brain not only governs bodily functions but is equally shaped by its physiological counterpart. Here we highlight research-based concepts that are reshaping our understanding of this dynamic relationship and it’s holistic effects on our well-being.

The Brain's Command Center: A Prelude

For centuries, the brain has captivated scientists with its enigmatic powers. Traditionally viewed as the command center for thoughts, emotions, and actions, it is now clear that the brain's reach extends far beyond cognitive processes. It serves as a regulator of bodily functions, orchestrating heartbeat, digestion, immune response, and even the secretion of hormones. Pioneering research has unraveled an intricate network of neural pathways, known as the brain-body axis, that facilitates seamless communication between these two powerhouses.

The Brain's Dictation of Body Functions

Recent studies have spotlighted the remarkable ability of the brain to exert influence on bodily functions. The autonomic nervous system, a neural network that operates unconsciously, underscores this connection. The brain's hypothalamus controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature regulation, while the brainstem orchestrates vital processes such as breathing and heart rate. Such findings have far-reaching implications for conditions like hypertension, obesity, and even autoimmune disorders, where brain misregulation might be a contributing factor.

The Body's Dialogue with the Brain: A Revelation

However, the narrative of the brain's unilateral authority is no longer unchallenged. Emerging research is illuminating the intricate dialogues emanating from the body's diverse systems, each whispering insights to the brain. The gut-brain axis, for instance, is a captivating revelation, showcasing how the gut microbiota can influence mood, behavior, and cognitive function. The heart, once seen merely as a pump, is now acknowledged as a communicator via intricate neural pathways, profoundly affecting emotional responses.

The Mind-Body Harmony: A Holistic Outlook

The symphony of bidirectional influences is not confined to physiological processes alone. Psychological and emotional well-being are intricately interwoven with the state of the body. Stress, for instance, sets off a cascade of hormonal responses that not only affect the brain's structure but also impair cognitive functions. Chronic stress has been linked to brain atrophy and heightened susceptibility to mental disorders, ushering in a new era of mind-body medicine.

Implications for Holistic Health

The convergence of these findings holds transformative potential for healthcare practices. Holistic approaches that recognize the inseparable connection between brain and body are gaining momentum. From mindfulness-based interventions to exercise regimens designed to optimize neural plasticity, therapies are evolving to embrace this interconnectedness. A shift from symptom-based treatments to strategies addressing the underlying psychophysiological roots is underway, heralding a more integrated era of medicine.

The influences between brain and body brings into view human existence as a unified entity. Neuroscience is moving us beyond Cartesian dualism with a holistic perspective that acknowledges the inseparability of mind and body. As we continue to unravel the intricacies of this entwined relationship, a new era of medical possibilities opens up, inviting us to explore nature's complex harmony residing within ourselves.

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Some NeuroTracker practitioners have been integrating assessment and training into their services for over a decade, discovering unique ways to leverage it to the needs of their clients. Here are 5 insight gems from veteran human performance and wellness experts, revealing ways to optimize NeuroTracker benefits for different people's needs. If you'd like to learn more then also check out the links to their Experts Corner blogs.

A Window into the Brain

Maxime Chevrier is founder of Synapse Plus performance centers in Quebec, and is also a Sports Psychology Consultant and professor of psychology.

''One of the things I found is that when I use NeuroTracker with clients it's much easier to interact with them in a meaningful way, especially with children. It just open ups a lot of their interest from their perspective about how their minds actually function. Likewise, over the years I’ve found that NeuroTracker is a good predictor of the way people respond in real life situations. For example, if they get frustrated or annoyed at missing three trials in a row during a session, then that's how they are prone to react more generally. This makes it a nice way to gain insights on how people respond to challenges they face in daily life, and more importantly, when mindset changes are happening over time.

I use a lot of neuropsychology tools which test various components of cognition, such as attention, working memory, and so on, which is great when you want to isolate certain brain functions. However, the flip side is that we don't get the picture of how they actually integrate in a functional way. In contrast, something I really like about NeuroTracker is that it activates a lot of different functions across the brain, requiring them to be integrated at a high level. It's quite unique in this respect, and as a clinical psychologist, it really helps when you can put all the pieces together to see how a patient is progressing overall. It also makes a big difference when you want to know how well someone is functioning when it comes to real world demands.''

Experts Corner blog: A Clinician's Journey with NeuroTracker‍

Individualized Training

Dr. Richard Hoctin-Boes, O.D., is an experienced neuro-optometry and sports vision specialist from the Netherlands, and is the Director of eye4vison Neuro Optometry centers.

''Our first step is always an extensive assessment of each individuals’ spectrum of visual capacities. Rather than asking the question will vision training work for a given individual, we ask how do we make it work the best for the individual.  For this reason we give athletes and coaches complete insight into the visual and cognitive skills we assess.

From there we customize the training program, tailoring it to both the needs of the individual, and to their current strengths and weaknesses. Just as the physical demands of different sports vary, likewise do the visual and cognitive demands (though most coaches rarely take this into account). Here is an example comparison of how visual performance demands vary from sport to sport.

This is why we have carefully crafted specific programs that optimize training to the needs of specific sports or positions on the field or ice, which make up our eye4Sport programs.

Generally speaking, the biggest gains with training tend to be in depth and speed perception, reaction and concentration, focus, eye-hand coordination and peripheral awareness, which we can demonstrate are clearly improved. Additionally, athletes commonly experience gains in maintaining situational awareness under the demands of high-pressure competition, allowing them to make more accurate decisions and execute the correct actions in complex situations more rapidly.''

Experts Corner blog: Sports Vision Training Isn’t Just for Athletes

Alternative Sports Rehab

MILLER Consulting thrives to help individuals improve by 1% every day towards their goals and long-term development.

''With the pressures of today’s ultra-competitive sports, injuries are inevitable. At the outset of a prolonged injury, an athlete worries about the loss of physical fitness and muscle atrophy. However, the main concern remains game sharpness and readiness.  Although, with the recent breakthrough in cognitive training, this is exactly where mental training should be implemented into a athletes’ rehabilitation. Mental training can make a huge difference overtime.

One of our success stories happened with a basketball player. He knew he needed to take several months off and that he was going to be unable to train for a whole summer. He came to work with us at the outset. After a few months on the platform, instead of the typical feeling of struggling to keep up with the game mentally, he found that his vision on the court had improved beyond his peak fitness levels. He was more aware of the game action with more attention to details and was reacting to opponents faster. He’s now been using NeuroTracker religiously with MILLER Consulting for the past two years.

Additionally, there are athletes struggling with the after-effects of concussions. They’ve been through all their rehab with osteopaths, physios and so on in hope to be cleared for return-to-play. Once they are clear to return, most of them feel like they're still not where they used to be. It takes them much more time to process information, they’re lacking confidence, and generally they just feel desperate to get back to where they were.

With these athletes we start very low, with just one ball tracking for four seconds (1T 4S), then when ready, we move to two targets for six seconds (2T 6S), and upwards until they are getting decent speed thresholds at 4 targets tracking over 8 seconds. We trained boxers in similar situations, and they really notice the difference after just a few weeks on the platform.''

Experts Corner blog: Pushing the Limits with Mental Training

A Role Model Neurotechnology

Dr. Roman Velasquez utilizes his background as an interpersonal neurobiological neuroscientist and doctorate in leadership as a ‘Combat Sports Brain Performance Coach’, specializing in what he dubs as a ‘Fight Sport Neuro Cognitive’ approach to MMA performance.

''From my own research and experience, I can say that there is one neurotechnology that really stands out. NeuroTracker is a 3D multiple object tracking software, and it has been the core function of all the training we do. There are a number of good reasons for this.

Specificity Advantage - NeuroTracker is a beautiful piece of software in that there so many ways to use the programs. This allows us to take a unique approach in tailoring mental conditioning to each individual athlete we coach. Our fighters love that.

Neurocognitive Metrics – training on this technology requires integration of a whole range of high-level cognitive abilities that are directly relevant to real-world performance. This gives us a great measure of an athlete's integrated mental capacities, which we can compare against physical abilities. Then with the specificity of the software, we can assess things like subcomponents of attention. With detailed metrics on certain cognitive strengths and weakness, we can evolve an athlete’s training protocols accordingly.

Threshold Cognitive Loads – NeuroTracker’s adaptive algorithms excel at pushing an athlete to their mental limits. Firstly, this allows us to rapidly develop the neural circuitries that are critical to competition performance. Secondly, we can get fighters accustomed to the intense mental demands they face in fights, so that they are resilient under pressure, even if they don’t have the experience of a veteran fighter.

Dual-Task Methodologies – NeuroTracker works superbly when additional training tasks are integrated into sessions. For example, performing combat sequence drills at the same time as NeuroTracking, or with other neurotechnologies such as reactive decision-based training with light sensor motion detectors. This is a another reason why we can adapt the training very precisely to any athlete’s performance needs.

Neurocognitive Stamina – as research has shown with elite rugby players, this form of training can dramatically reduce loss of situational awareness that typically occurs in highly fatigued states. As the outcomes of sports competitions are generally won or lost when athletes hit the limits of their mental stamina, this type of conditioning offers a great competitive edge.

Wellness Intervention – when you work closely with fighters, you not only learn tremendous respect for their athletic prowess, but you also become aware of the unfortunate toll the sport can take on their mental health. With this method we can boost neuroplasticity and the brain’s ability to repair itself on a regular basis, as well as use NeuroTracker scores to monitor a fighter’s ongoing cognitive status.

For these reasons we implement NeuroTracker not only in every session, but also at frequent points throughout each session. This allows us to stimulate neural activation and the growth of a true performance mindset. It’s also an extremely flexible training tool. It would be great to see more neurotechnologies of this exemplary standard coming onto the market.''

Experts Corner blog: The Neurocognitive Sports Revolution is Coming!

State of the Art Cognitive Profiling

With an academic background in biology and psychology Julien Southon is a specialist in visual, cognitive and motor-skills for sports and Esports performance, and is the founder of Sport Your Brain.

''What makes our approach with the Alpine F1 Esports teams particularly innovative is our driver training programs, which are built and developed on the basis of the latest scientific research and publications in cognitive neuroscience and sports psychology.

We use state-of-the-art technology such as NeuroTracker, to help drivers gain those few thousandths of seconds that make the difference between a podium finish and fourth place. As you can see here, the technology fits perfectly for the sim-racing setup, making it easy to use as pre-training or pre-competition warm-up to cognitively prime the brain on-demand.

As an up-and-coming team we’ve had phenomenal success in selecting and developing relatively low-ranked drivers into world class pilots, allowing us to battle for podium places with the very top teams like Mercedes. This is why Alpine F1 eSports management was asked to present to real race teams at Le Mans 2021, to share how leveraging technologies like NeuroTracker has allowed the team to punch well above their weight.''

Experts Corner blog: Why F1 eSports is Transforming Athletic Potential

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Cannabis sativa plant derivatives used to ease the symptoms of medical conditions like seizures, epilepsy, cancer, and HIV/Aids, are known as medical marijuana. With active compounds like cannabidiol or CBD and THC or Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol, medical marijuana has potential benefits for several conditions.

As per the National Institutes of Health, people may have used marijuana to treat different ailments for at least 3,000 years. However, just like synthetic drugs that treat some conditions and not others, medical marijuana is not a one-size-fits-all line of treatment.

While every state features laws dictating medical marijuana usage, more than 2/3rds of the United States and the District of Columbia have legalized its use for medical treatments, while others are considering amendment bills to do the same.

While the FDA has only approved medical marijuana for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet Syndrome, studies suggest people may use it for various other health benefits:

1. May Help with Pain and Inflammation Management

Studies show that medical marijuana and its various chemical compounds may be beneficial in reducing pain and inflammation in people with arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Cannabis may also treat internal inflammation caused due to gastrointestinal problems like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

The cannabinoids in medical marijuana reduce pain by binding to the brain receptors, blocking pain signal transmissions. Medical marijuana can work on several receptor systems to safeguard against undesirable symptoms. Doctors may also use it to treat chronic pain-causing conditions like endometriosis, migraine, and fibromyalgia.

Some studies report medical marijuana may be effective in replacing the long-term, adverse side effects of NSAIDs or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use. Patients of several chronic pain conditions state that medical marijuana from legitimate stores like Nasomtaqa Store helped them resume their activities without feeling wholly disengaged or out of it.

Part of cannabis’ allure is that it is safer than opiates and can easily replace NSAIDs if people cannot use them due to GERD, ulcers, or kidney issues.

2. May be Effective in PTSD, Mental and Neurological Disorders Treatment

Medical marijuana may aid PTSD treatment as several studies suggest that many of its properties regulate the system that produces nightmares, anxiety, and fear. Along the same lines, medical marijuana may be a fantastic muscle relaxant helping to lessen tremors in Parkinson’s disease.

And because of its effects on the limbic system, healthcare professionals may prescribe it as a treatment for other mental and neurological health conditions, like epilepsy, anxiety, and Tourette syndrome.

Studies have also found that medical marijuana may be a treatment option for Alzheimer’s disease as the low dosage of its active compounds may slow down the production of Amyloid proteins, the main contributor to the disease development. Research also suggests that THC may prevent the production of disease-causing enzymes in Alzheimer's patients.

3. Can Relieve Insomnia

While improved sleep may also result from better pain management with medical marijuana, its relaxing effects may improve serious sleep disorders like insomnia. Despite several causes of insomnia, cannabis treats the condition by tackling the source.

If you feel tired throughout the day and crave those short naps between tasks, Sativa strains may help you remain energized and going all the time while restoring your sleep cycle. Medical marijuana strains may induce a peaceful state which helps the insomniacs relax and stay asleep for an extended period. The sedating effects of cannabinol can also improve sleep habits.

4. May Reduce Seizures and Improve Lung Function

As per studies, the terpenes in medical marijuana have anticonvulsant properties and linalool that may reduce seizures. Further studies suggest that since cannabis smoke counteracts the negative effects of inhaling smoke due to its expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties, it may improve lung function when taken in low doses.

Also, moderate use of medical marijuana may not adversely affect pulmonary function. However, more studies are required in this field to come up with a firm conclusion. Similarly, medical marijuana may also ease bronchial restriction, thus being beneficial for asthma sufferers.

5. Can Fight Cancer

As per the American Association for Cancer Research, THC in its pure form may reduce tumor volumes when combined with pure CBD and irradiation practices. According to AACR, these cannabinoids, when taken together, may produce better radiation treatment responses while inhibiting the growth of aggressive cancer and neutralizing tumor development.

Even the flavonoids and terpenoids in medical marijuana have medical properties that may help alleviate tumors. Besides shrinking the tumor-supplying blood vessels and killing cancer cells, CBD may also work in chemotherapy response, helping patients fight cancer growth while preserving healthy cells.

Further, it may eliminate the nutritional problems of radiation and chemotherapy patients by calming nausea and stimulating appetite.

Conclusion

Medical marijuana may be useful as a treatment and an aid for various medical conditions. But though there are compelling studies available to prove its efficacy in treating the above-mentioned medical conditions, more research is required in this field.

So, if you want to take medical marijuana for your health, consult an expert first.  They can guide you better and recommend the dosage depending on your body, weight, age, and requirement.

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To some degree or another, many people associate chocolate as a sin. Science tells a different story when it comes to dark chocolate. Here we’ll discover why this cacao-based product is actually more like a nootropic, and should be thought of as a superfood for your brain.

What’s the Difference Between Cacao, Cocoa and Chocolate?

Put simply, they are all the same thing: cacao. Cacao refers to the raw material, namely the cacao beans that are harvested from the cacao tree.

Cocoa is created after the beans are finely ground into a powder and roasted. Special roasting techniques remove most of the natural bitterness of the raw beans, making them much more palatable.

Cocao nibs are often the option of choice for cocao purists, and are highly nutritious. However, much of the nutrition and health benefits are still retained after roasting.

Cocoa is found in different forms, and can be consumed as a drink or blended with sugar, milk, cocoa butter and cacao to make chocolate.

Compared to white or milk chocolate, dark chocolate is mostly pure cocoa. When you see the percentage clearly labelled on most dark chocolates, you essentially know how much of it is actually roasted cacao. This typically ranges from 70-85%, but can go to 100%.

The takeaway is that although chocolate has a naughty-but-nice reputation, high quality dark chocolate can definitely count as a super food, as there are impressive health benefits, especially for the brain.

What’s So Special About Cacao and Dark Chocolate?

There are several natural ingredients in dark chocolate that makes it especially nutritious.

1. Flavonoids

Dark chocolate is packed with flavonoids, which have direct interactions with pathways crucial for triggering gene expression and protein synthesis in long-term potentiation. In the hippocampus, flavonoids promote the expression of a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is key in the process of adult neurogenesis, neuronal survival and synaptic growth.

Flavonoids also interact directly with cellular and molecular structures involved in memory function and can promote other cognitive benefits.

Lastly, they have cardiovascular benefits, such as the maintenance of normal blood flow and improvement of blood pressure.

2. Antioxidants

Antioxidant polyphenols are plant chemicals that are healthy for you. These circulate through your bloodstream, helping protect your body from oxidative stress, or free radical damage. When you reduce free radicals in your body, you also lower systemic inflammation.

3. Minerals

Dark chocolate contains key minerals like magnesium, calcium, potassium, iron, copper, and zinc. These minerals are all crucial for optimal brain functions.

4. Caffeine

Lastly there is natural caffeine, which is a known psychostimulant. Though the effects are temporary, caffeine enhances cognitive processes that generally underlie all types of mental performance, such as processing speed and reaction time.

What are the Benefits of Dark Chocolate for the Brain?

Fortunately a lot of high quality research has been conducted on cocoa and chocolate. Here are some of the key benefits that have been scientifically validated in controlled studies.

1. Improvement in Mood from Increasing Gut Health

A recent randomized controlled trial found that eating 85% cocoa dark chocolate increased microbial diversity (a marker of gut health), leading to significant improvements in daily mood.

Each day for three weeks, participants in the study ate just 10 grams of dark chocolate in the morning, at lunch and in the early evening.

The key finding of this study is that the mood boost was directly associated with boosts in microbial diversity, which influence the gut-brain axis, the bidirectional communication pathway between the nerves in our gut and brain.

2. Wide Gains in Cognitive Functions for Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairments

There have been many cacao studies conducted with older populations and those with mild cognitive impairment, known to be the precursor to dementia and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.

For practical reasons these studies typically involve consuming cocoa-based drinks over 4-8 weeks, then comparing the cognitive effects to non-consumers.

Research findings have validated improved processing speed, executive function and working memory in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. What’s more, the level of benefits correlates with the amount consumed, with a higher concentration of flavanol intake specifically leading to improvements in verbal fluency.

Overall, research points to cocoa as a novel tool for the protection of human cognition and a way to counteract cognitive decline.

3. Increased Cognitive Performance and Neurotrophins in Young Adults

Due to the positive findings in aging, research in recent years has investigated the benefits for children and young adults.

A meta-review of eleven intervention studies analyzed the benefits from short- and long-term consumption of cocoa on cognitive performance, revealing that both had a positive effect on several cognitive outcomes.

After acute consumption, beneficial effects were seen with an increase in cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood oxygenation.

After chronic intake of cocoa, better overall cognitive performance, along with increased levels of neurotrophins was found. Neurotrophins regulate development, maintenance, and function of nervous systems.

Overall cacao shows potential to widely improve brain functions and neuroplasticity in early adulthood, potentially having life-long benefits.

Nice But Not Naughty!

There is now a good body of evidence that not only is dark chocolate not bad for you, it has all the hallmarks of a real superfood for the brain!

There are many expensive supplements on the market advertising brain health benefits, without necessarily having the research to back them up. In contrast dark chocolate is a delicious, accessible and easily affordable way to consume a mostly natural nootropic that comes with a plethora of positive brain health effects.

It’s time to think of dark chocolate not just as a treat, but as a healthy lifestyle habit from youth into old age.

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In today's fast-paced world, ultra-processed foods have become both convenient and desirable, filling our supermarket shelves and dominating our diets. However, emerging research suggests that these increasingly prevalent and often tempting food choices may come with a hefty price tag for our health. From obesity to chronic diseases, here we will we shed light on the major health problems associated with these heavily processed culinary concoctions.

What Are Ultra-Processed Foods?

Ultra-processed foods are industrially produced food products that undergo multiple levels of processing, resulting in alterations to their original form. These food items are typically characterized by their extensive ingredient lists, often containing additives, preservatives, artificial flavors, and unhealthy fats. Examples of ultra-processed foods include sugary cereals, chips, carbonated beverages, fast food meals, packaged snacks, and frozen ready-to-eat meals.

One way to think about the amount of food processing in what you eat is to compare how different a food is from to its natural raw form. For example, raw fresh onions are natural and nutritionally healthy. Boiled onions are in a processed food state, moderately reducing their nutritional value. Fried onions are ultra-processed, removing much of their nutrition, while onions rings fried in batter rank very high on the ultra-processed scale, have very low nutritional value, and are associated with significant health risks.

How Common Are Ultra-Processed Foods?

The simple answer is much more common than you think.

A new paper in Nature Communications applied a specialized form of AI called 'FoodProX', trained on analyzing the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrient Database, to determine the extent of ultra-processing for a wide range of commonly purchased and cooked foods.

The overall findings showed that over 73% of the US food supply is ultra-processed. Natural berries and citrus fruits topped the rankings for nutrition, while ultra-processed foods like high-sugar cereal, doughnuts, pizzas, cakes and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches ranked lowest.

The results are now freely available to browse through a comprehensive website database called True Food.

Now, let's go over key health problems associated with ultra-processed foods.

1. Obesity and Weight Gain

Numerous studies have linked the consumption of ultra-processed foods to obesity and weight gain. These food products are often energy-dense, packed with added sugars, unhealthy fats, and refined carbohydrates. They are designed to be hyper-palatable, leading to overconsumption and a disruption of the body's natural appetite regulation mechanisms.

Regular consumption of ultra-processed foods can contribute to an excessive calorie intake, thus increasing the risk of obesity and its associated health complications.

2. Cardiovascular Diseases

Ultra-processed foods have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. They tend to be high in unhealthy fats, trans fats, and sodium, while lacking essential nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

Diets rich in ultra-processed foods have been associated with elevated blood pressure, increased levels of LDL cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol), and higher rates of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular ailments.

3. Type 2 Diabetes

The consumption of ultra-processed foods has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. These foods often contain high levels of added sugars and refined carbohydrates, leading to rapid spikes in blood sugar levels.

The repeated exposure to such blood sugar fluctuations can contribute to insulin resistance over time, increasing the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. The effects of a high sugar diet can also cause the gut microbiome to metamorphosize into a composition that sends signals to the brain to crave carbohydrates.

4. Digestive Disorders

Ultra-processed foods can wreak havoc on our digestive system. These foods are typically low in fiber, which is crucial for maintaining healthy digestion. A diet dominated by ultra-processed foods can lead to constipation, gastrointestinal discomfort, and an increased risk of developing conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or diverticulitis.

Moreover, some additives commonly found in ultra-processed foods, such as emulsifiers, have been linked to gut dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota that can have far-reaching implications for our health.

5. Cognitive Decline

In a recent study following the diets of 11,000 middle-aged people over eight years, scientists found that those who diets were high in ultra-processed foods experienced up to 28% faster cognitive decline, compared with those whose diet was mostly natural foods.

More research is needed to determine if these effects on the brain are directly related to ultra-processed foods, or indirectly through the associated impacts on overall health. However, as we continue to live longer, for many people cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases represent one of the greatest worries over quality of life in older age.

Takeaway

As society becomes increasingly dependent on convenience and even calorie addiction, it's crucial to recognize the potential health consequences associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The evidence linking these more artificially based diets is mounting and encompasses more risks than the five outlined here. Learning to recognize the degree of ultra-processing in our diets, minimizing consumption and making conscious choices to eat fresh foods close to their natural state, is showing to be increasingly important for maintaining health in the long run.

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True Food website

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With over 100 independently published papers to date, NeuroTracker baselines have been shown to be a cognitive predicter of human performance across domains such as professional sports, Esports, aviation, driving, academic learning and surgery skill. Now, new research has been published showing that NeuroTracker measures correlate strongly with the daily performance of business traders - the first study of its kind. Here we will highlight the key findings.

Background

The science of neuroeconomics has shown that trading is a complex business skill which imposes continual demands on high-pressure decision-making, amid many variables and uncertainties. Additionally, ‘limited attention theory' in finance literature suggests that there are significant constraints on effective trader performance, given the multiple streams of information they need to handle in short periods of time. To date little research has examined the relationship between these cognitive capacities and the real-world performance of traders.

Neuroscientists at the Faubert Lab (University of Montreal), who published the new study, cited the growing evidence for NeuroTracker as a ‘powerful and sensitive metric for assessing cognitive-attentional capacity in a in a variety of populations’. For example they referenced NeuroTracker research with jet pilots, which unqiuely revealed the mental workload involved in live flight, compared to simulated flight.

Unlike traditional cognitive assessments, which isolate very specific mental functions, NeuroTracker elicits the integration of many cognitive systems simultaneously, as well as complex 3D perceptual skills. As such, scientific evidence suggests it represents a more meaningful measure of the complexities of real-world abilities.

For these reasons, the researchers collaborated with a trader training company called NeuroStreet Academy to conduct a study ‘in the wild’. The goal was to compare frequent NeuroTracker baseline measures with trader performance metrics in their daily work. The purpose was not just to study if NeuroTracker correlated with profitability, but to also to investigate if mental influences such as emotions, stress and fatigue, would be associated with poor choices, losing them money.

What Was Studied

The trading academy selected 29 male traders for a 6-month study. The traders logged regular cognitive baselines using the remote NeuroTrackerX platform, completing one Core session per workday (approximately 6-mins). Alongside this detailed tracking of their daily performance metrics was collected via the Ninjatrader Trading Platform, across a total of 624 trades. Once all data were collected, non-parametric Spearman correlational analysis was performed to investigate relationships between trader performance and NeuroTracker baselines.

Baselines were analyzed relative to increases or decreases in each trader’s personal day-to-day NeuroTracker scores. The key trader metrics analyzed were Total Net Profit and Max Drawdown (the largest drops from profits to losses).  

What Was Found

Total Net Profit showed very strong positive correlations with NeuroTracker scores, meaning that if a trader scored higher than usual on a particular day, it was very likely they would make more money.

Conversely, Max Drawdown showed a strong negative correlation, meaning that if a trader’s NeuroTracker score was lower, they were at a much higher risk of making a large loss. These drops in scores were likely attributable to daily influences impacting mental performance, as other research has found that NeuroTracker scores are indicative of factors causing cognitive impairment, such as poor-quality sleep and fatigue.

Effectively this finding demonstrated that if NeuroTracker scores dropped significantly on any given day, it would be economically safer and more profitable overall for a trader to take the day off, due to the risk of financial losses.

Overall, the analyses yielded a P Value of 0.001, meaning that these findings had less than a 1/1000th probability of occurring by chance. The results of this experimental study in the field are unprecedented, showing for the first time that an abstract cognitive assessment can directly predict performance outcomes of real-world business personnel operating under high pressure.

The Cognitive Athletes of the Business World?

The researchers reported an interesting finding in the baselines and learning rates from completing one NeuroTracker Core session per workday. Their results closely matched the levels of elite NCCA athletes published in landmark Nature Scientific Reports paper.

Although not reaching the learning rates of world-class professional athletes, elite athletes have been shown to have superior learning rates to other populations, likely due to having higher-than-normal brain neuroplasticity.

Firstly, this suggests that traders have unusually efficient brains for learning new tasks. Secondly it demonstrates that, compared to more intensive NeuroTracker training, significant gains in high-level cognitive functions can still be achieved with just 6-minutes of focused cognitive exercise, 5 days per week.

Lastly, differences in the traders' long-term NeuroTracker learning rates - a functional measure of neuroplasticity - incidentally correlated with overall profitability. Essentially, those traders who learned faster at this task made more money in the long-run, suggesting that this type of cognitive assessment of adaptive learning could be used as a new form of talent identification in the business world.

Takeaways

Trading is a business profession which places heavy demands on high-speed information processing and complex decision-making under high neurocognitive and emotional pressures. This experimental real-world research indicates that success in this career domain is surprisingly amenable to being predicted, via an abstract assessment of integrated high-level cognitive abilities.

Reference

Cognitive Assessment and Trading Performance Correlations, J.Eduardo Lugo & Jocelyn Faubert

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Your body can repair and revitalize when you sleep, which is essential for your physical and mental health. The vital period of deep sleep, commonly referred to as slow-wave sleep, is characterized by delta waves. It causes significant physiological changes, such as the consolidation of memories, hormone modulation, and muscle and tissue regeneration. One needs enough deep sleep for the best possible cognitive performance, immune system health, and general well-being. Therefore, understanding the many stages of sleep, such as wakefulness, light sleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep, and how much deep sleep do you need is essential. Let's examine the duration of each sleep stage on average in more detail.

1. Awake (2-5%)

You reach this stage when you are completely awake and conscious. Brief awakenings during the night are common, but persistent vigilance might impair the quality of your sleep in general.

2. Light Sleep (45-55%)

Between being awake and being in profound slumber is light sleep. During light sleep, cognitive activity, muscular tone, heart rate, and body temperature all gradually decline.

3. Deep Sleep (13-23%)

When you are in a deep slumber, your body significantly recovers. It is crucial for physical recuperation, immune system support, and general renewal. Slow brain waves characterize it.

Additionally linked to memory consolidation, deep sleep aids in learning and information retention.

4. REM Sleep (20-25%)

REM, or Rapid Eye Movement, is linked to vivid dreams. Your brain activity accelerates, and your eyes move quickly in REM sleep. This phase is essential for memory consolidation, emotional control, and cognitive function.

How to Track Your Sleep Patterns?

You can track your sleep patterns using devices like Oura Ring.

The Oura Ring uses cutting-edge technology to measure and analyze different stages of sleep precisely. You can use this information to improve your sleep hygiene and general well-being by gaining insightful information on the length and quality of your deep sleep.

For optimum health and function, it's crucial to get enough deep sleep.

Listed below are some suggestions to improve the quality of your deep sleep:

1. Stick to a Consistent Sleep Schedule

Creating a consistent sleep schedule aids in regulating your body's internal clock and encourages deeper, more restful sleep.

2. Create a Sleep-Friendly Environment

Ensure that your bedroom is cold, quiet, and dark, and use earplugs, an eye mask, or a white noise generator to reduce noise.

3. Practice Relaxation Techniques

To assist your mind and body in getting ready for a pleasant sleep, practice relaxation techniques before bed, such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, or mild stretching.

4. Limit Stimulants and Electronic Devices

When it's almost time for bed, avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol because these can interfere with your sleep cycle. Reduce your exposure to electronic devices that emit blue light, as they can disrupt your sleep-wake cycle.

You may increase the restorative effects of your sleep and enhance your general well-being by prioritizing deep sleep and putting these ideas into practice.

Conclusion

Deep sleep is vital for your mental as well as physical health. Hence, knowing the science behind it and following the tips mentioned above will help you enhance the quality and duration of your sleep.

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In recent years, cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as a promising natural compound with capability advantages for various factors of fitness and health. One place where CBD has won huge interest is functional brain health and mental nicely-being. This blog will delve into the interesting realm of CBD and explore its potential consequences on brain health, cognitive function, and mental fitness. Let's liberate the mysteries and discover how CBD can support a healthful mind and sell mental wellbeing.

Understanding Brain Function and Mental Health

Before we dive into CBD's capability advantages, let's recognize the importance of brain function and mental fitness. The mind isthe control centre of the frame thatgoverns our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Optimal brain function is crucial for cognitive competencies, reminiscence, focus, and universal intellectual well-being. Mental health encompasses emotional, mental, and social well-being, affecting how we suppose, experience, and act.

The Endocannabinoid System

To realise CBD's effect on mind health, we ought to discover the endocannabinoid machine (ECS). The ECS is a complicated community of receptors and molecules, playing a crucial role in maintaining balance, or homeostasis, in diverse bodily capabilities. CBD interacts with the ECS, likely influencing brain characteristics and intellectual fitness.

Sleep and Restorative Brain Health

Quality sleep is important for mental fitness and mental well-being. Sweet Dreams Gummies has won interest for its potential to sell healthy sleep patterns. By interacting with receptors involved in sleep behavior, CBD may also aid restful sleep, improve sleep satisfaction, and reduce disturbances. Restorative sleep is crucial for mind health, memory consolidation, and mental rejuvenation.

Promoting Neuroprotection and Brain Health

CBD has shown promise in assisting neuroprotection and brain health. Studies advise that CBD's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may help combat oxidative pressure and decrease neuroinflammation, thereby protecting brain cells from harm. Furthermore, CBD's ability to interact with serotonin receptors may additionally make contributions to neuroplasticity and support the increase of new brain cells.

Enhancing Cognitive Function and Focus

Maintaining premier cognitive characteristic and consciousness is vital for productivity and typical intellectual well-being. CBD has been investigated for its cognitive-enhancing consequences. Research shows that CBD may additionally influence positive neurotransmitter systems concerned in memory, attention, and attention. By modulating these structures, CBD might guide improved overall cognitive functions and performance.

Managing Stress, Anxiety, and Mood Disorders

Stress, anxiety, and mood issues can appreciably impact mental health. CBD has shown potential in promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety-associated signs and symptoms. Studies suggest that CBD may have an impact on the serotonin device, which plays a critical function in temper regulation. By interacting with serotonin receptors, CBD may additionally assist alleviate signs and symptoms of anxiety and despair, promoting a greater balanced emotional country.

Conclusion

As we conclude our exploration of CBD for functional brain fitness and mental functioning, it becomes likely that CBD holds potential for holistically supporting brain functions, cognitive skills, and mental health. From promoting neuroprotection and improving cognitive characteristics, to coping with stress and improving sleep, CBD's multifaceted nature offers many potential advantages. However, it is essential to seek advice from healthcare professionals and select high-quality CBD products from legitimate sources. By harnessing the energy of CBD, we can strive for the most appropriate states of mental health, intellectual functioning, and overall well-being.

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The world of Esports has witnessed an extraordinary rise in popularity, transforming competitive gaming into a multi-billion dollar industry. As the competitive landscape becomes increasingly fierce, Esports organizations are recognizing the importance of effective performance management strategies to maximize the potential of their athletes. In this blog, we will explore key considerations and actionable insights for managing and optimizing the performance of Esports athletes.

Building a Strong Foundation

Just like traditional sport, the journey to peak performance in Esports begins with a solid foundation. It is crucial to ensure that athletes have access to the necessary resources, support, and infrastructure to excel. Here are three fundamental aspects Esports managers should consider as foundation.

1. Talent Identification and Recruitment: Implement rigorous scouting processes to identify promising talent with the right skill sets, mindset, and potential for growth.

2. Training and Skill Development: Establish structured training programs that encompass both technical skills (game mechanics, strategies) and soft skills (communication, teamwork, decision-making) to enhance overall player performance.

3. Physical and Mental Health: Encourage athletes to maintain a healthy lifestyle by promoting regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and mental well-being practices, such as mindfulness and stress management. Both physical and mental health are thoroughly misunderstood in the Esports industry. But in recent years, it has become necessary for Esports athletes to have access to resources such as a gym or even a personal trainer.

Data-Driven Performance Analysis

Esports is rich in data, presenting an incredible opportunity for organizations to gain insights into player performance and make data-driven decisions. Here's how you can leverage data to manage and optimize athlete performance.

1. Performance Tracking: Utilize specialized tools and platforms to monitor key performance metrics, including in-game statistics, individual and team performance, and areas for improvement. Analysing this data to identify patterns, trends, and player-specific strategies.

2. Video Analysis (VOD): Gameplay footage is used to conduct in-depth analysis, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and areas of improvement for players and the team (game dependant). This allows for targeted training and coaching interventions.

3. Scouting Opponents: Employ data analysis to study opponents, their strategies, and tendencies. This information can be used to develop counter-strategies and exploit weaknesses during competitive matches.

Creating a Supportive Ecosystem

Managing esports athletes goes beyond the game itself. Building a supportive ecosystem plays a significant role in nurturing their talent and ensuring long-term success. Consider the following aspects.

1. Coaching and Mentoring: Provide experienced coaches and mentors who can guide athletes in their personal and professional development, offering valuable insights, feedback, and motivation.

2. Team Dynamics and Communication: Esports teams need a positive team culture that encourages open communication and trust. Effective communication channels and regular team meetings are essential for understanding the relationship between players. Relationships must be monitored to ensure open communication and trust are present within the team. If players do not get along its better for them not to play together. Frustration and stress are two main factors that can affect performance negatively and these emotions can be gained significantly quicker if a team doesn’t have synergy.

3. Sponsorships and Endorsements: In the realm of esports, the financial stability of teams heavily relies on diversifying revenue streams beyond prize pools and player earnings. To ensure financial stability, its imperative for esports teams to actively cultivate partnerships with sponsors and brands. By facilitating these collaborations, teams can unlock a multitude of opportunities for sustainable revenue generation. Sponsors and brands offer a means of financial support that allows teams to focus on performance without the burden of financial constraints, empowering them to thrive and achieve long-term success.

Balancing Performance and Well-being

While performance optimization is crucial, it is equally important to prioritize the well-being Esports athletes. Burnout and mental health issues can significantly impact performance. Here's how to strike the right balance.

1. Rest and Recovery: Encourage regular breaks, vacations, and downtime to prevent burnout. Promote healthy sleep habits and the adoption of recovery practices like stretching, meditation, and relaxation techniques.

2. Work-Life Balance: Support athletes in maintaining a healthy work-life balance by encouraging hobbies, social connections, and pursuing personal interests outside of gaming.

3. Mental Health Support: Recognize the significance of mental health and provide access to mental health professionals who specialize in Esports to help athletes cope with the unique pressures and challenges they face.

Takeaway

The performance management of Esports athletes is a multi-faceted process that requires a holistic approach very similar to traditional sports. By focusing on building a strong foundation, leveraging data and creating a supportive and friendly environment for players, player potential will increase, creating the recipe for developing a successful Esports team.

If you would like to learn more about to gain more insights on the evolving industry, please feel free to visit my dedicated blog website: Esports Editor

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In our fast-paced modern society, maintaining optimal brain health and cognitive performance is essential. As we juggle numerous responsibilities and strive for success, it becomes increasingly important to adopt lifestyle habits that nourish and support our brain's well-being. Among the many factors that influence brain health, diet, sleep, and exercise stand out as key players. In this article, we will explore the impact of these three lifestyle habits on brain health and cognitive performance, highlighting their distinct contributions and the ways in which they interact.

Diet: Fueling the Mind

The saying "you are what you eat" rings especially true when it comes to brain health. A well-balanced diet rich in essential nutrients provides the building blocks necessary for optimal cognitive function. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, walnuts, and flaxseeds, have been associated with improved memory and reduced risk of cognitive decline. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as berries, leafy greens, and dark chocolate, help protect the brain against oxidative stress, which can lead to cognitive decline. Additionally, B vitamins, found in whole grains, eggs, and leafy greens, are crucial for energy production and nerve cell health.

Conversely, a poor diet characterized by excessive intake of processed foods, added sugars, and unhealthy fats can have detrimental effects on the brain. Studies have shown that diets high in saturated and trans fats can increase the risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, excessive sugar consumption has been linked to impaired memory and learning abilities. By adopting a nutrient-dense diet and avoiding harmful dietary patterns, we can positively influence our brain health and cognitive performance.

Sleep: Restoring Cognitive Vitality

A good night's sleep is often undervalued, but its importance in brain health cannot be overstated. Sleep is a time of restoration and rejuvenation for the brain, allowing it to consolidate memories, process information, and promote optimal cognitive function. Chronic sleep deprivation has been associated with reduced attention, impaired memory, and decreased cognitive performance.

During sleep, the brain undergoes essential processes such as synaptic pruning, which clears out unnecessary neural connections and strengthens important ones. Additionally, sleep facilitates the clearance of metabolic waste products, including beta-amyloid, a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease. By prioritizing healthy sleep habits, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a relaxing sleep environment, and avoiding stimulants before bedtime, we can optimize brain health and enhance cognitive performance.

Exercise: Energizing the Mind

Physical exercise is not only beneficial for cardiovascular health and physical fitness but also plays a vital role in supporting brain health and cognitive function. Engaging in regular aerobic exercise has been shown to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that promotes the growth and survival of neurons. This, in turn, enhances neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the cognitive benefits of exercise. Regular physical activity has been associated with improved memory, attention, and executive function. Exercise also helps reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Furthermore, the positive effects of exercise on mood and stress reduction can indirectly enhance cognitive performance. By incorporating physical activity into our daily routines, whether through cardiovascular exercises, strength training, or even brisk walking, we can invigorate our minds and nurture brain health.

Synergistic Effects

While diet, sleep, and exercise each have unique contributions to brain health, their effects are not isolated. In fact, they interact synergistically, reinforcing the benefits derived from each individual lifestyle habit. For instance, exercise has been shown to enhance sleep quality, leading to improved cognitive performance. The same principle applies with negative lifestyle habits, for example being heavily sedentary can result in restless sleep as well encouraging weight gain. Practicing positive habits for diet, sleep and exercise will go a long way to having a healthier and better functioning brain.

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Esports is a tremendously popular activity, rapidly outgrowing traditional sports. Success requires high levels of attention and cognitive abilities, perhaps more so than any other domain of human performance. That said, cyber athletes notoriously train for excessively long hours, typically at the cost of their physical health. Surprisingly, how these lifestyle factors affect these professional players’ cognitive prowess has previously gone unstudied. A new study carried out by researchers at Texas A&M University sought to establish the diet and sleep qualities of a large number of elite Esports gamers, and to investigate the effects on their high-level cognitive abilities. Here we will reveal what was discovered.

The Context of Esports Performance

Though some research has found certain physiological demands of Esports competition to be equivalent to the demands of professional rugby play, excellence in Esports requires exceptional mental skills to succeed at the highest level. This is especially so for professional action-based video gamers, who need to possess superior situational awareness and decision-making abilities, as well as execute complex actions with blisteringly fast mental processing speeds and lightning quick motor-skill reflexes.

Previous research has found Esports athletes do not meet well established criteria for healthy diet and sleep, yet the effects of these on cognitive performance has not been sufficiently studied. And so the influence of nutrition and rest on Esports performance has been a lingering question. A group of researchers specialized in sports science, nutrition, and sleep, designed a comprehensive study to shed light on this question.

The cognitive abilities of gamers have traditionally been assessed through a series of tests that separately assess specifically isolated cognitive functions. However, how well these measures relate when integrated under the extreme demands of Esports performance is not clear.

For this reason, the researchers selected NeuroTracker as a cognitive benchmark that integrates a range of high-level cognitive functions. It has been demonstrated in previous sports science to be a highly relevant assessment, yet still provide well controlled testing environment for study purposes. NeuroTracker has also been used in Esports research to characterize the unique abilities of professional gamers, as well as to compare them against athletes in different sports.

What Was Studied

384 elite Esports athletes enrolled in the study, with a total of 119 participants (103 males and 16 females) completing a rigorous battery of assessments over an 8-10 day period, meeting the criteria for statistical analysis. The majority of participants included in the study findings were players of action-based video games, such as Fortnite and Valorant.

The assessments covered 4 areas:

1. Surveys –  these included the Gaming History Questionnaire, a demographic survey, a medical history survey, a vision screening assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire, as well a daily pretesting survey which included reports on body composition, hours of sleep, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale.

2. Nutrition – diet, fluid intake and urine color were recorded over 10 days through a comprehensive and detailed 24-Hour Dietary Recall software reviewed by a professional dietician.

3. Sleep monitoring – participants wore a biometric device which collected continuous data heartrate and sleep activity.

4. NeuroTracker Cognitive Assessment - using the NeuroTrackerX remote training application, 20 training sessions were completed by each participant over 8 days. This included baseline assessments incorporating 3 Core sessions and 1 Sustain session (used as a cognitive stamina and resilience assessment) on the first and last days, with 2 Core sessions per day in-between.

What Was Found

The detailed assessments revealed the following findings on the gamers’ activity levels.

Gaming Activity

Participants averaged 6.3 days of gaming per week with 4.8 hours of gameplay per session, and up to 14 hours gameplay per day.

Sleep Activity

Participants slept for an average of 7.4 hours, taking around 10 minutes to get to sleep. Average sleep quality was found to be in the range of moderate to severe sleep disturbance.

Waking state was measured on a scale from 1 (very alert) to 8 (barely conscious), with participants averaging a score of 2.8.

Diet Activity

Average intakes over the 10-day period were analyzed against established recommended intakes. Most participants did not meet USDA guidelines for magnesium, zinc, folate, omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and choline.

Similarly, most participants exceeded cholesterol, sodium, and saturated fat recommendations, and overall were way below guidelines for consumption of healthy quantities of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and dairy intakes.

NeuroTracker Performance

The speed threshold results of the participants averaged 1.52. Improvements in NeuroTracker scores over the 20 sessions averaged around a 50% increase in speed thresholds.

Comparative data analysis showed that the participants matched the levels of elite sports athletes on NeuroTracker, but not the level of world-class professional athletes.

The Effects of Diet and Sleep on NeuroTracker Performance

Significant positive associations were found between overall NeuroTracker scores and the following nutrients: magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, zinc, selenium, thiamin, niacin, vitamins B6 and B12, folate, cholesterol, saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fat, omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, and choline.

Additionally, and although there were variations in levels consumed, overall inadequate consumption of vitamin D, riboflavin, phosphorous, vitamin B12, and selenium was also associated with reduced performance on NeuroTracker.

Of particular interest, throughout the NeuroTracker training program, participants who met the recommended amount of protein consumption performed significantly better than those that did not.  As NeuroTracker learning rates are an indirect measure of neuroplasticity levels, this suggests that a lack of protein hampered their ability to neurally adapt to the cognitive demands of this task.

This may have implications for the broader influence of dietary protein levels on neuroplasticity and learning abilities.

The Sustain session measures correlated strongly with the Stanford Sleepiness Scale score, with lower scores equated to increased sleepiness. Less average sleep showed a similar relationship with lower scores, but to a lesser degree.

Takeaways

The researchers concluded that Esports athletes have a clear need for nutritional interventions rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals to improve cognitive abilities relevant to their performance needs. Likewise poorer sleep quality, as measured by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, had a clear negative impact on cognitive performance.

Overall, this first study of its kind provided convincing initial evidence that healthier lifestyle modifications can allow esports athletes to further optimize their performance.

Lastly, as NeuroTracker learning rates may correlate well with how efficiently Esports athletes can benefit from their rigorous training regimes, it would be valuable for future research to investigate if improved intake of certain dietary components, such as protein, can enhance responsiveness to conventional Esports training programs.

Reference

Nutrition, lifestyle, and cognitive performance in esport athletes (open access paper)

Jenna B. Goulart, Logan S. Aitken, Saman Siddiqui, Marisa Cuevas, Jacqueline Cardenas, Karen M. Beathard and Steven E. Riechman.

Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, and the Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University.

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While the human race has come a long way in technological advancements, there hasn’t been a way of determining with certainty future occurrences. Specifically, it is difficult to know when emergencies will strike, and being prepared is the best shot at minimizing impact and staying alive.

Disaster response is one of the best activities businesses and organizations should impart to their employees. Company employees should be prepared for anything from natural calamities to technological issues, chemical accidents, and security emergencies. Success in the face of a disaster is not equipment’s usefulness or plans’ detail. The amount of empowerment gien to employees will make a difference. Workers must not be onlookers told about instructions that they don’t practice. They should be changed into responders who can captivate themselves and lead when disaster strikes.

This article will explore valuable tips to empower employees during first aid training. After following the tips below, you will equip them with the skills and knowledge required to respond confidently in critical situations.

1. Offer Comprehensive First Aid Training

To make sure that your firm has proactive safety measures, first aid training for staff through FAW courses is crucial. Employees who work in a secure environment and who are knowledgeable about emergency procedures are more productive and commit lesser errors that could lead to harm and losses.

The following are some of the factors that make first-aid instruction crucial in the workplace:

• Avoids Worse Consequences

Dealing with significant effects that worsen because of a lack of first-aid training is more expensive than training employees. Providing your employees with the necessary first aid training can stop accidents from getting worse. In addition, basic first aid training can ensure no fatalities are recorded in the workplace.

• Lowers the Number of Accidents in the Workplace

Proper training will educate employees on engaging safety consciousness while at work. The activity makes it easy for employees to avoid injuries and accidents while on duty. The right training helps minimize risk and drastically lowers the mishaps in the workspace.

• Leads to a Positive Work Environment

An environment where safety training is compulsory will exude an aura of advanced welfare for the employees. They will feel safer in the workspace and get boosted morale to conduct duties.

2. Create a Culture of Preparedness

You must create a culture of preparedness within your organization if you want to face emergencies prepared. By prioritizing workplace safety and communicating the value of first aid training to all employees, you will motivate them to be proactive and encourage them to be more prepared.

To create a preparedness culture, encourage open discussions about the potential emergency scenarios and encourage workers to share their concerns and insights. In addition, conduct regular safety meetings to discuss emergency procedures and reinforce the importance of preparedness. This way, your employees will feel more empowered to take action when emergencies arise.

3. Change Your Emergency Plans

Most emergency plans are left to the leaders responsible for emergency response. In most cases, this is the best approach to handling the matter. Yet, in practice, the path leaves the business unprepared.

Disasters are sudden events and can leave managers unreachable or injured. When your plans need managers’ approval for immediate emergency action, they make employees bystanders. Thus, such strategies need rewriting so workers can take immediate action without needing a manager. Titles must be scrapped from emergency protocols so employees can act without permission.

4. Reevaluate Your EST

EST, in this case, stands for equipment, supplies, and technology. It has been viewed as a vital part of emergency preparedness in a building. Yet, in many cases, EST makes buildings less ready for disaster. This is because workers are not allowed to utilize them without consent from the management. In other cases, they are not accessible to employees.

The term goes beyond just AED defibrillators and first-aid kits. It includes emergency food, rescue and search equipment, water, and vital supplies. For an emergency response to suffice, EST must be modified and stick perfectly to your emergency plan.

5. Redesign Your Drills

Drills and training are crucial elements of your disaster response. They are more important than EST and disaster plans. How you train and drill your workforce will reinforce the necessary behaviors in an emergency and expose the weaknesses and strengths of your program.

The challenge is that most training is complex. On the other hand, drills are troublesome because workers are made nonparticipants while managers perform every single thing and merely instruct employees. This approach is unsuitable for real scenarios where employees must be valuable team members.

It would be best if you redesigned your drills and training to make the employees the main participants. Training should involve drills where the managers stand aside while employees perform the entire routine. You will have the best way of accessing their readiness. Also, they will have individual initiatives such that anyone can assemble an emergency team.

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When we hear the term "brainwashing" we associate it with negative connotations and manipulation. However, did you know that our brains literally have a natural mechanism that can be considered the healthy version of brainwashing? Enter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and bathes the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of our brains. CSF is primarily produced within the ventricles of the brain. As well as washing the brain by transporting toxins and waste, this specialized liquid also acts as a filtration system, selectively allowing certain molecules to enter CSF, while keeping harmful substances out. The production and circulation of CSF provide an environment conducive to brain health, enabling it to function optimally. Here we will dive into the fascinating world of CSF and explore its roles in maintaining brain health.

5 Roles CSF Plays in Brain Health

1. Physical Protection

One of the primary functions of CSF is to provide physical protection to the brain. The fluid acts as a cushion, preventing the delicate neural tissue from getting damaged due to impact or sudden movements. It creates a buffer that absorbs shock and distributes it evenly across the brain, safeguarding it from potential injuries.

2. Waste Management

Imagine living in a house where garbage keeps piling up without any means of disposal. Eventually, it would become an unhealthy and unsanitary environment. Similarly, our brains generate waste products during regular metabolic activities. CSF plays a vital role in removing these waste products, such as excess proteins and metabolic byproducts, from the brain. This waste removal process helps maintain a clean and functional brain, preventing the accumulation of toxic substances.

3. Nutrient Delivery

CSF acts as a transportation system, supplying essential nutrients to the brain cells. It carries vital substances, including glucose, electrolytes, and hormones, to ensure proper nourishment of neurons and supporting cells. By providing a constant supply of nutrients, CSF promotes optimal brain function and supports the energy demands of our complex neural network.

4. Chemical Balance

Maintaining a delicate chemical balance within the brain is crucial for optimal functioning. CSF helps regulate this balance by transporting and regulating the levels of various substances, such as ions, neurotransmitters, and hormones. This balance ensures smooth communication between neurons and helps regulate mood, cognition, and overall mental health.

5. Temperature Regulation

Our brains are sensitive to changes in temperature, and even a slight increase can impair its function. CSF helps regulate brain temperature by absorbing excess heat and distributing it throughout the body, allowing for efficient cooling. This process ensures that our brains remain within the optimal temperature range for proper functioning, preventing overheating or hypothermia.

3 Roles of CSF in Clinical Management of Brain Health

1. CSF and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and impaired cognitive or motor functions. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of CSF in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of these conditions. Biomarkers present in CSF, such as amyloid-beta and tau proteins, have become key indicators for early detection and monitoring disease progression. Moreover, alterations in CSF flow dynamics and clearance mechanisms have been linked to the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates within the brain. Understanding these CSF-related aspects opens new avenues for potential therapeutic interventions.

2. CSF and Brain Development Disorders

During prenatal and early postnatal stages, CSF plays a pivotal role in brain development. It provides mechanical support, acts as a reservoir of growth factors, and facilitates the removal of waste products. Disruptions in CSF dynamics can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain. Studying the impact of CSF on brain development allows researchers to gain insights into the underlying causes of developmental disorders and explore potential interventions aimed at restoring normal CSF dynamics.

2. CSF as a Diagnostic Tool

The analysis of CSF composition has become an invaluable diagnostic tool in the field of neurology. By studying the levels of specific proteins, neurotransmitters, and genetic material present in CSF, researchers can identify biomarkers indicative of various neurological conditions. The advent of techniques like lumbar puncture and advancements in proteomics and genomics have revolutionized our ability to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases. CSF analysis is paving the way for personalized medicine, enabling tailored treatment plans based on individual patients' molecular profiles.

New Possibilities for Simulating CSF Flow

This animation from 2019 was the first-ever recording of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), washing in and out of the brain during sleep. Although it is well known to be important for brain health, the mechanisms that control its large-scale movement through the brain's ventricles are still not well understood.

In a new study neuroscience researchers investigated if CSF flow is autonomously regulated, or if it is coupled with neural activity. To do this they tested if CSF flow is influenced by intense visual stimulation via a flickering checkerboard stimulus.

Surprisingly, they found that the visual stimulation directly drove macroscopic CSF flow in the human brain. More specifically, the timing and amplitude of CSF flow was matched to visually evoked hemodynamic responses.

The findings are quite groundbreaking, showing that CSF activity can be immediately stimulated via visual perception. More research is needed, but the research opens up the possibility of using simple forms of passive visual perception exercises to simulate neurophysiological responses that could contribute to improved physical brain health.

In particular this could be of value for neurodegenerative diseases, where effective cleansing of waste materials in the brain is of much greater significance.

Takeaways

The human brain, with its intricate web of neurons and synapses, is a marvel of nature. Protected within the skull, it relies on a delicate balance of factors to maintain its optimal functioning.

Cerebrospinal fluid, often overlooked, plays a vital role in maintaining the health and functionality of our brains. Far from the negative connotations associated with brainwashing, CSF acts as a natural cleanser and nourisher for our most vital organ. From physical protection and waste management to nutrient delivery and temperature regulation, the functions of CSF are crucial for optimal brain function and overall well-being.

As well as improving our understanding of the role of CSF in brain functions, future research may hold the possibility of being able directly stimulate CSF through the brain’s natural response mechanisms.

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The human brain is intriguing organ for anyone that owns one, orchestrating all our thoughts, emotions, and actions. Yet although the field of neuroscience is a captivating realm of scientific inquiry, the terminology of this fascinating discipline can be daunting. From neurons to the cerebral cortex, we will demystify some of the most commonly used terms in neuroscience, and shed some light on the key building blocks of the brain, it's connectivity, and it's main regions.

Cellular Components

Neurons: The Building Blocks of the Brain

Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system, responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information. These specialized cells possess the remarkable ability to generate and transmit electrical impulses, allowing them to communicate with each other. Neurons are highly diverse and can be categorized into different types based on their structure and function.

Glial Cells: The Unsung Heroes

Often overshadowed by neurons, glial cells are essential players in the brain's functionality. Also known as neuroglia, they are non-neuronal cells that provide structural support and nourishment to neurons. Additionally, they contribute to the formation and maintenance of synapses, regulate the brain's chemical environment, and participate in immune responses within the central nervous system.

Neuroblasts: The Seeds of Neurons

Neuroblasts are specialized cells found in developing embryos and some adult brain regions, such as the hippocampus. They serve as the precursors to neurons and are capable of differentiating into fully functional nerve cells. Neuroblasts undergo complex processes of proliferation, migration, and differentiation, contributing to the ongoing neurogenesis observed in certain brain regions.

Connectivity

Dendrites: The Receptive Branches

Dendrites are the branch-like extensions protruding from the cell body of a neuron. These structures receive incoming signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. Dendrites play a vital role in integrating and processing information, making them key components of neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity.

Axons: The Long-Distance Messengers

Axons are elongated, thread-like structures that extend from the neuron's cell body and carry electrical signals, called action potentials, away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells. Axons can be remarkably long, enabling communication across different regions of the brain and facilitating the transmission of information over extended distances.

Synapses: The Bridges of Communication

Synapses are junctions between two neurons, where information is transmitted from one neuron to another. These microscopic gaps allow electrical or chemical signals to pass between neurons, facilitating communication within the brain. Synapses are crucial for various cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and information processing.

Synaptogenesis: Building Connections

Synaptogenesis refers to the process of forming new synapses between neurons. During brain development, synaptogenesis is critical for establishing the intricate neural circuitry that underlies our cognitive abilities. Moreover, synaptogenesis continues throughout life, enabling the brain to adapt to changing environments and experiences, a phenomenon known as synaptic plasticity.

Key Regions

The Cerebral Cortex: The Crown Jewel of the Brain

The cerebral cortex, the outermost layer of the brain, is responsible for our higher cognitive functions. Divided into four lobes—frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital—each lobe plays a distinct role in our perception, movement, and cognition. The frontal lobe governs executive functions, decision-making, and personality. The parietal lobe processes sensory information and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe handles auditory processing, memory, and language comprehension, while the occipital lobe specializes in visual perception.

The Limbic System: The Seat of Emotion and Memory

Deep within the brain, the limbic system reigns supreme over our emotional experiences and memory formation. The hippocampus, a vital structure in the limbic system, is instrumental in converting short-term memories into long-term memories and spatial navigation. The amygdala, known as the emotional epicenter, processes emotions and plays a crucial role in fear conditioning and emotional memory.

The Basal Ganglia: Mastering Movement and Reward

Situated deep within the brain, the basal ganglia orchestrates voluntary movement and plays a pivotal role in reward-based learning. Composed of multiple nuclei, including the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus, this region works in tandem with other brain areas, such as the cerebral cortex and thalamus, to fine-tune our motor skills and automate learned behaviors.

The Thalamus: Gateway to Sensory Perception

Often referred to as the "relay station" of the brain, the thalamus serves as a crucial hub for relaying sensory information from various sensory organs to the cerebral cortex. It filters and directs incoming sensory signals to the appropriate regions of the cortex, allowing us to perceive and make sense of the world around us.

The Hypothalamus: Regulating Vital Functions

Nestled beneath the thalamus, the hypothalamus is a small but mighty region that acts as the master regulator of many vital bodily functions. It controls the autonomic nervous system, influencing processes like temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms. Additionally, the hypothalamus governs the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, making it a central player in the endocrine system.

The Brainstem: Bridge to the Body

Connecting the brain to the spinal cord, the brainstem serves as a crucial conduit for communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Comprised of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, this region controls essential functions like breathing, heart rate, and sleep-wake cycles. It also houses nuclei involved in the control of eye movements, auditory and visual reflexes, and coordination.

The Cerebellum: The Maestro of Movement

The cerebellum, nestled at the back of the brain, is a powerhouse dedicated to coordinating and fine-tuning voluntary movements, balance, and posture. Its precise control over motor coordination is essential for smooth and accurate execution of actions, from tying shoelaces to playing musical instruments.

We have explored some of the most common terms in neuroscience, spanning cellular components, connectivity, and key brain regions. As neuroscience relentlessly delves deeper into the mysteries of the brain, having a basic understanding of the key terms will allow better appreciation of new research breakthroughs, as well the marvels of human cognition.

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A new study published in the Journal of Cognitive Enhancement investigated if NeuroTracker's 3D multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) training could improve driving skills in young and older adults. This cognitive task involves the ability to simultaneously track multiple objects in a dynamic environment. Here we will summarize the findings showing transfer to specific driving abilities.

Background

The study builds on previous research using highly sophisticated driving simulators capable of recording a wide range of driving performance metrics. This included three studies showing that NeuroTracker baseline assessments are strongly correlated to a range of specific driving abilities, and more generally to driving safety and crash risk. NeuroTracker scores showed to be more significant predictor of these abilities than driving age or driving experience, and were accordingly recommended to be a revelant method of assessing driving capabilities.
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A fourth follow-up study went on to show that NeuroTracker training transfer to enhanced 'useful field of view', a visual ability shown through decades of research to be a critical factor in driving.

What Was Studied

This fifth study involved a group of young adults (aged 18-35) and a group of older adults (aged 65 and above). Both groups first underwent neurovisual and cognitive assessments to determine the absence of any visual or cognitive deficits that could impair driving ability.
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Then all participants were divided into active and placebo groups. The active group completed a NeuroTracker training program, and the placebo group trained on a visual discrimination task and a visual-based math puzzle game called 2048.

Before and after training all participants' driving performance was assessed using a high-fidelity driving simulator. Various aspects of driving performance, including lane keeping, reaction time, and hazardperception, were measured and compared between the two groups.

What Was Found

The results of the study revealed that both young and older adults showed significant improvements in simulated driving performance following the NeuroTracker training. Multiple statistical analyses of driving metrics revealed improvements in several key areas, such as better lane keeping abilities, quicker reaction times to hazards, and enhanced overall situational awareness - all skills of significant relevance to driving safety.

Interestingly, although the younger group showing stronger learning responses on the NeuroTracker task, the older adult group exhibited larger gains in driving performance compared. This suggests that NeuroTracker training may have particular benefits for older individuals, who often experience age-related cognitive decline likely to impair driving skills, which NeuroTracker has been shown to improve in several healthy aging studies.

Takeaway 

These findings show for the first time that training on this form of 3D mulitple object tracking has the potential to enhance driving performance in both young and older adults. The study highlights the value of incorporating such cognitive training techniques into driver education and training programs to improve road safety, and potentially to help mitigate the effects of age-related cognitive decline on driving abilities. Further research with larger sample sizes and assessment of driving skills on the road will help validate and expand upon these initial positive findings.

'Can Three-Dimensional Multiple Object Tracking Training Be Used to Improve Simulated Driving Performance? A Pilot Study in Young and Older Adults'

Jesse Michaels, Romain Chaumillon, Sergio Mejia-Romero, Delphine Bernardin & Jocelyn Faubert

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Meditation, a practice with ancient roots, has gained immense popularity in recent years as a tool for improving mental well-being and promoting overall health. Beyond its psychological benefits, research in the field of neuroscience has revealed fascinating insights into the neurological effects of meditation. In this blog post, we will delve into the intersection of meditation and neuroscience, exploring how meditation practices influence brain structure and function.

Neuroplasticity and Meditation

One of the key concepts underlying the neuroscience of meditation is neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize and form new neural connections throughout life in response to experiences. Studies have demonstrated that meditation can induce changes in brain structure and function, providing empirical evidence for the plasticity of the human brain.

Research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown that long-term meditation practitioners exhibit increased gray matter density in certain regions of the brain associated with attention, emotion regulation, and self-awareness. For example, the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in executive functions and emotional regulation, has been found to have greater thickness in experienced meditators. These structural changes suggest that regular meditation practice can sculpt the brain in ways that enhance cognitive and emotional processes.

Meditation and Brain Function

In addition to structural changes, meditation also influences brain function. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have provided valuable insights into the electrical activity of the brain during meditation. Different meditation techniques, such as focused attention and open monitoring meditation, have been found to induce distinct patterns of brainwaves.

Focused attention meditation, which involves directing attention to a specific object or sensation, has been associated with increased activity in the gamma frequency range. Gamma waves are believed to be involved in cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and learning. On the other hand, open monitoring meditation, which involves non-reactive awareness of the present moment, has been linked to increased activity in the theta frequency range. Theta waves are associated with deep relaxation, creativity, and emotional processing.

Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have also revealed changes in functional connectivity between brain regions during meditation. These studies have shown increased connectivity between brain regions involved in attention and self-awareness, such as the anterior cingulate cortex and the default mode network. The default mode network is a network of brain regions that becomes active during rest and mind-wandering. Meditation appears to decrease the activity of this network, leading to a reduction in self-referential thinking and increased present-moment awareness.

Benefits and Implications

The neurological effects of meditation have profound implications for our well-being and mental health. Research has demonstrated that regular meditation practice can lead to the following benefits.

Stress reduction: Meditation activates the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and reducing the production of stress hormones like cortisol. This can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and stress-related disorders.

Emotional regulation: By strengthening the prefrontal cortex and improving connectivity between brain regions involved in emotional processing, meditation can enhance emotional regulation and resilience, leading to improved mood and well-being.

Cognitive enhancement: The increased activity in gamma waves during focused attention meditation suggests improved attention, concentration, and cognitive performance. Meditation has also been associated with enhanced working memory and information processing speed.

Neurodegenerative diseases: Preliminary research indicates that meditation may have neuroprotective effects and could potentially slow down age-related cognitive decline. It shows promise as a complementary therapy for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Overall, neuroscience offers compelling evidence of the transformative power of this ancient practice on the brain, through the effects on innate human neuroplasticity.

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According to a report from The American Institute of Stress, 80% of workers face mental health challenges on the job, and nearly half say they need help dealing with them. Many employees experience stress, burnout, and other issues relating to their work environment, making mental health a significant concern for the employees and employers.

Fortunately, switching to a remote workspace and hiring remote personnel, such as a Filipino VA, can be a great way to promote your employees' mental well-being while also being a cost-effective way to increase your company's productivity. Let’s break down the benefits of remote work for mental health, strategies for managing mental health problems and providing support to employees, and the pros and cons of switching to a remote workforce.

Benefits of Remote Work for Mental Health

Stress is a common experience in any work environment, whether traditional or otherwise.

However, when stress becomes chronic and overwhelming, such as due to constant tight deadlines and high-pressure work culture that result in interpersonal conflicts in the workspace, it may lead to more serious mental health problems.

Burnout, anxiety and depression, sleep problems, and substance abuse are some mental health challenges employees may face in a traditional work environment.

Remote work may help solve these issues and significantly boost employee mental health. From being able to work on a flexible schedule to having the ability to fulfill job responsibilities from anywhere, employees report having fewer stressors and feeling more in control of their lives.

Additionally, working in a non-traditional environment can give employees a sense of autonomy, often leading to increased motivation and productivity.

Strategies for Managing Mental Health Problems in Traditional Workplaces

A growing body of research suggests a positive link between better mental health management and work productivity.

The American Psychiatric Association Foundation’s Center for Workplace Mental Health reports the massive cost of depression in the United States economy – at least $210 billion annually in absenteeism and lost productivity.

Meanwhile, employees who experience positive mental health outcomes are usually more productive, engaged, and committed to their work.

Here are some strategies you can utilize as an employee to manage mental health challenges in a traditional work environment and how you, as an employer, can support your employees.

1. Take regular breaks

Taking regular breaks can help reduce stress and improve focus and productivity. A survey suggests that periodically stepping away from your desk to take a break leads to better overall well-being and job satisfaction.

By prioritizing tasks, you can also better manage mental health issues in a traditional workspace. Identifying and focusing on urgent tasks can help you handle your workload and reduce stress.

As an employer, you can reduce stressors from your work environment and culture, such as providing a designated break area or allowing your employees to take short breaks during the workday.

Additionally, it’s crucial to set clear goals and priorities. Doing so can help employees manage their time effectively, motivating them to achieve these goals and increasing job satisfaction.

2. Practice self-care

Practicing self-care can help lower stress levels and improve one’s mental health. A study shows that engaging in self-care activities like exercise, meditation, or hobbies, is linked to better job performance and reduced burnout.

If you're struggling with mental health problems, don't be afraid to seek support from a colleague, supervisor, or mental health professional. A survey indicates that employees with sufficient assistance have better mental health outcomes.

If you’re an employer, offer mental health resources. Counseling services, mental health workshops, or employee assistance programs (EAPs)  may help your employees manage stress and other mental health issues more effectively.

3. Use stress-reducing techniques

Deep breathing, mindfulness, or progressive muscle relaxation are some of the stress-reducing strategies you can employ to help manage your work stress. Employees who practice stress management strategies may handle high-pressure workspaces more effectively.

If you’re an employer, you can foster a supportive workplace culture by promoting open communication and destigmatizing mental health issues. You may also offer stress management training to your employees.

Moreover, you can help your employees manage stress and other mental health challenges by reducing workplace stressors like heavy workloads, unrealistic deadlines, or poor communication. With fewer stressors, you can create a happier, more productive workforce.

4. Set clear boundaries

Establishing boundaries between personal life and work is vital to managing stress and other mental health issues in a traditional workspace.

For instance, you can reduce stress by avoiding checking emails or work-related messages during non-working hours.

As an employer, you must encourage your employees to set clear boundaries. Respecting their time, providing flexible work hours, or allowing for remote work when possible are some ways to accomplish this.

The Downsides of Switching to a Remote Work

While remote work has many benefits for mental health, it also has potential drawbacks to consider before you make the switch.

Humans are social creatures. One of the most significant challenges of a remote work environment is the potential for isolation.

People need social interaction and connection with others to thrive. When working remotely, the lack of in-person social interactions may lead to feelings of loneliness and decreased motivation and productivity.

Working in a remote environment can present challenges for maintaining a work-life balance. Employees experience incredible difficulty in setting boundaries between their personal and professional lives.

Although a non-traditional workspace such as a home offers better flexibility, the lack of separation between work and personal life may increase stress levels.

Switching to a remote workforce may also impact productivity and communication. Unlike traditional workspaces, it may require remote employees to have different skills and tools to communicate effectively with colleagues.

Without a doubt, there are various strategies that you can employ to manage mental health challenges in traditional workplaces.

These strategies include taking breaks, practicing self-care, using stress-reducing techniques, setting clear boundaries, and seeking help.

If you’re considering switching to a remote workforce, you must provide your employees with the necessary resources, tools, and adequate support.

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AI, or Artificial Intelligence, is technically not artificial at all, and refers to the human development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing objects in images, and making decisions based on data.

In the past year AI has become a rapidly growing field that is taking the world by storm. However this comes a plethora of technical jargon and acronyms, which are typically confusing to people unfamiliar with the field. Here we will cover in a nutshell the most common modern day AI terminologies that are useful to be aware of.

AI Applications

ChatGPT

ChatGPT is an AI-powered chatbot that uses machine learning to generate human-like responses to user queries. GPT stands for 'generative pre-trained transformer', and accordingly is ChatGPT is trained on a large corpus of text data with extensive training before being released to the public. Although weak at computation, it's impressive language prowess means it can be used across a wide variety of applications, from customer services to building websites.

AutoGPT

AutoGPT is an extension of ChatGPT that starts out from a human submitted high-level prompt or goal, then re-prompts itself in an iterative fashion depending on the results it finds from each individual prompt. The purpose of this auto-prompting technique is to use more a creative discovery learning process to simplify and potentially surpass human prompting, or to produce unpredictably novel solutions to problems.

Truth GPT

TruthGPT is Elon Musk's AI-powered fact-checking tool that uses machine learning to identify false information in text-based content. Truth GPT is trained on a large corpus of fact-checked information and can be used to help combat misinformation and fake news.

Google Bard

Bard is a conversational artificial intelligence chatbot developed by Google using large language models (LLMs). It was developed as a direct response to the rise of OpenAI's ChatGPT, and was released in a limited capacity in March 2023 and was met with lukewarm responses.

Stable Diffusion

Stable Diffusion is a generative model that uses deep learning to create images from text. The model is based on a neural network architecture that can learn to map text descriptions to image features. This means it can create an image matching the input text description.

Stable diffusion is also a AI technique used in some machine learning algorithms to help prevent overfitting. Overfitting occurs when a model performs well on the data it was trained on, but performs poorly on new data. Stable diffusion helps to prevent this by introducing random noise into the training data.

Midjourney

Midjourney is a service created and hosted by the independent research lab Midjourney Inc. The platform generates images from natural language prompts, similar to Stable Diffusion.

DALL-E

Similar to Stable Diffusion and Midjourney, DALL-E is a deep learning model developed to generate digital images from prompts. DALL-E was revealed by OpenAI in January 2021. It leverages a modified version of GPT to generate realistic images at high resolution, and can covert combinations of language based concepts, attributes, and styles.

Google DeepMind

Google DeepMind is an AI research organization that has developed a range of applications, including AlphaGo, an AI program that defeated the world champion at the game of Go, and DeepMind Health, which uses AI to help doctors diagnose and treat patients more effectively.

IBM Watson

IBM Watson is an AI platform that provides a range of cognitive services and tools to help businesses and organizations analyze data, build chatbots, and develop other AI-powered applications.

Amazon Go

Amazon Go is an AI-powered shopping experience that allows customers to enter a store, grab what they want, and leave without waiting in line or checking out, thanks to computer vision and machine learning algorithms.

AI Technologies

Natural Language Processing

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of interpretative AI that deals with the interaction between computers and human language. NLP is used in a variety of applications such as language translation, sentiment analysis, and chatbots.

LLM and LDM

LLM stands for Large Language Model, and LDM stands for Language Data Model. These are terms used to describe AI models that have been trained on vast amounts of text data. LLMs and LDMs are used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as language translation and sentiment analysis, and provide core elements of some of the latest AI applications.

Predictive Analytics

Predictive analytics is a type of AI that uses data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to identify the likelihood of future outcomes based on historical data. Predictive analytics is used in a variety of industries, including finance, healthcare, and marketing.

Machine Intelligence

Machine intelligence refers to the ability of machines to learn, reason, and recognize patterns. Machine intelligence is the foundation of AI and is used in a wide range of applications, including image recognition, natural language processing, and predictive analytics.

Machine Learning

Machine learning is a subset of AI that involves teaching machines to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning algorithms can be used to identify patterns in data and make predictions based on that data.

AGI

AGI stands for Artificial General Intelligence. AGI refers to AI systems that have the ability to independently learn and reason beyond human abilities (but not necessarily by mimicking them). AGI is the holy grail of AI research, but also brings with it threatening scenarios of dramatic disruptions to modern life or potentially existential risks to humanity. Though many experts believe it is still a long way off, others suggest that the latest developments in AI are showing some initial indications of AGI characteristics.

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Kratom, also known as Mitragyna speciosa, is an herbal substance that is homegrown in Southeast Asia. These are found in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, specifically. This substance is made of two main alkaloids. One of them is mitragynine, and the other is 7-hydroxy mitragynine.

There are various ways we can consume Kratom. Some people directly consume kratom leaves. Many people make powdered kratom and drink it as Kratom tea. Others use Kratom in the form of capsules. Kratom is mild, so consuming this substance will not make you feel high. It works as a sedative and stimulant, depending on the quantity.

How Does Kratom Consumption Affect Brain Function?

Kratom is a substance that is easy to take. It tends to create a positive effect on the brain. When taken, Kratom is said to make connections with brain opioid receptors. If taken in low doses, it will stimulate the brain's functioning. It will increase our brain's alertness as well as our sociability.

Its effects start after 10 minutes of intake and last an hour and a half. If taken in large amounts, it creates a sedative effect on the brain, which is helpful for treating health problems. The amount of intake prescribed for adults is 10 to 25 grams. It shows its effects for almost 6 hours.

As we all know, Kratom has two main components: mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Both of these chemicals tend to bind with the brain receptors and improve the brain's abilities. So Kratom has a positive impact on the functioning of the brain.

Types of Strains

Kratom has three different types of strains. One is a white strain that is consumed in the morning. This strain will prepare your brain for all morning activities. In addition, this strain's intake will also give you the energy to do cardio and other duties.

The other is the green strain. It is advised to consume this strain during the day, mainly after lunch. At that point, our brain cells and receptors tend to decrease the level of serotonin and dopamine. So we take this during the day. Afterwards, we feel lightheaded and delighted. We will find full dedication to do our official duties or studies.

And last is the red strain. It is preferred to consume this specific strain at night. This strain will increase our social ability. We tend to interact with others more easily. The intake of this strain will reduce all tension levels in the brain. And make our brains function efficiently.

Benefits of Using Kratom on The Brain

There are various benefits of consuming Kratom for our brains. Some of them are as follows:

Acts As a Gratifying Agent

Due to our current work scenario, our brain's serotonin and dopamine levels tend to decrease. As a result, we become more tense and frustrated. Our feelings of delight and well-being decrease. It will make us lethargic and dizzy.

After intake of Kratom, we become more relaxed and calm. This is because the components in Kratom will bind with the receptors in the brain. It will increase the level of serotonin and dopamine in the body. As a result, we become happy and chirpy. Our motivation level increases, and we become more confident. That is why Kratom acts as a gratifying agent for the brain.

Boosts Your Energy Levels

The intake of Kratom will increase the energy level of the brain. It will make us more concentrated and focused. It is found that after taking this product, we will develop mental clarity. It improves our alertness level and makes us more attentive. It will modify our perception level. And we will become more creative and imaginative.

Decreases Spasticity

As discussed above, we lead a busy life. All day we sit in a place doing our work without any body movements. It affects our brain and body. As our brain gets habitual of sitting all day when doing physical activity, We develop muscle cramps and rigidity.

The solution to this problem is the intake of Kratom. The use of Kratom makes the mind calm and composed. It will reduce the spasticity in the body. And make it more flexible.

Enhances Mood

Kratom tends to have the ability to change our mood levels. Therefore, this substance will help treat unwanted addiction and reduce their intake. In addition, the intake of this product will also work as an antidepressant by relaxing our brain and nerve cells.

And reduce the level of corticosterone in the brain. Thus, it improves our well-being. And make us do things that are out of the box.

Increases Appetite Level

It has been found that kratom compounds increase our appetite for food. It is helpful if you are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation. It also helps when you are sick or have undergone surgery.

The intake of Kratom will send a signal to the brain that our body needs food to function. This, in turn, makes us hungry and increases our body's metabolism rate.

These are some benefits to the brain after consuming kratom compounds.

Precautions That We Need To Take While Consuming Kratom

Kratom tends to have many health benefits for the body and brain. But there are certain precautions we need to take while consuming.

Small Dosage

Kratom is mild and can be consumed quickly. Therefore, people consume in large quantities to get excellent results. But, it is always better to start slow with a lower dosage. Otherwise, people tend to face problems like constipation and dizziness.

Trusted Source

Kratom is readily available on the market. You can buy it easily from online and offline retailers. In this case, certain retailers try to take advantage of you by selling you fake or expired products. To avoid that, buying only from a reliable and experienced source is advised. That person should have all the documents.

Conclusion

Kratom is a herb that is considered a substitute for coffee. We can consume it daily accordingly. It is found to be one of the most effective alternatives in the treatment of health issues. Kratom helps treat the common cold, diarrhea, cough, and other health conditions.

It is said to affect the functioning of the brain positively. These kratoms are available in various forms. And the effects of each on your body depend upon the dosage. You can easily purchase Kratom on the market. So give this substance a try and enjoy its health benefits.

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Neurons in the brain gradually die off in neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. These illnesses can cause various symptoms, such as behavioral changes, motor dysfunction, and cognitive decline, and they can significantly reduce a person's quality of life. Current therapies for neurodegenerative illnesses frequently have limited efficacy and severe side effects. Thus, there is a demand for new, efficient treatments that can shield and restore the brain.

Cannabidiol, or CBD, is a non-psychoactive substance in the hemp plant. Due to its possible therapeutic advantages for various conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, it has attracted growing research interest in recent years. We will discuss the idea of neuroprotection in this piece and how CBD may present a promising strategy for defending and repairing the brain. We'll also go over how CBD exerts its effects on the brain.

Neuroprotection: What Is It?

In the case of damage, illness, or aging, neuroprotection means maintaining neural structure and function. In addition to promoting the repair and regeneration of damaged neurons, it includes preventing or minimizing the damage to neurons that may result from these circumstances.

There are many ways to practice neuroprotection, including avoiding oxidative stress, lowering inflammation, encouraging neurogenesis, and controlling neurotransmission. These methods work to prevent brain injury and encourage neuronal repair and regeneration, which can enhance performance and lessen symptoms.

For the creation of brand-new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, neuroprotection is a crucial area of study. Neuroprotective therapies may give a more focused method of treating the underlying causes of these conditions, whereas current treatments frequently concentrate on managing symptoms.

How Does The Brain Respond To CBD?

The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a sophisticated communication system in the body that controls several physiological processes, including pain, inflammation, and mood, is affected by CBD. Endocannabinoids, receptors, and enzymes comprise the ECS, which collaborates to keep the body in equilibrium or homeostasis.

CBD may work in the brain by modifying the activity of different ECS receptors. For instance, it can attach to CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are found throughout the body and brain and have the power to affect various physiological functions.

The serotonin 5-HT1A receptor and the GABA-A receptor, implicated in anxiety and mood regulation, are two additional brain receptors with which CBD interacts. CBD can affect different parts of brain function, such as mood, cognition, and motor coordination, by modifying the activity of these receptors.

CBD has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities and effects on receptors, which can help safeguard the brain from harm and encourage repair and regeneration. It might also encourage neurogenesis—the development of new neurons in the brain—which might enhance cognitive performance.

CBD's impacts on the brain are intricate and comprise several different mechanisms of action. It is a promising field of study for creating brand-new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases due to its capacity to modulate several physiological processes in the brain.

Neuroprotection, Oxidative Stress and CBD

In numerous animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, CBD can have neuroprotective qualities.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the body's capacity to detoxify them can get into conflict, leading to oxidative stress. It can destroy cellular building blocks like proteins, lipids, and DNA and fuel the emergence of neurodegenerative illnesses.

The antioxidant qualities of CBD may help shield the brain from reactive stress. In a rodent model of Alzheimer's disease, CBD was able to lessen oxidative damage in the hippocampus, a brain region crucial for memory and learning. According to other research, a rat model of brain damage found that CBD improved memory and reduced oxidative stress.

The ability of CBD gummies to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brain, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, may cause its ability to decrease oxidative stress. CBD boosted the activity of these enzymes and lessened oxidative damage in rat brain research, where oxidative stress was induced by hydrogen peroxide.

Inflammation And CBD

The immune system's natural reaction to injury or infection is inflammation. Chronic inflammation, however, has been linked to the emergence of several illnesses, including neurological conditions.

According to research, CBD has anti-inflammatory qualities that may help lessen brain inflammation. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, CBD was able to lower inflammation and enhance motor performance. In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, CBD could lower inflammation and enhance cognitive function.

CBD's ability to prevent the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) may cause its anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, CBD may boost the creation of anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Neurogenesis And CBD

The process of creating new synapses in the brain is called neurogenesis. Although it happens continuously throughout life, this process can be hampered by neurodegenerative illnesses.

CBD may encourage neurogenesis in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases. In one research using a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, CBD increased the number of new neurons in the hippocampus. Further research discovered that CBD could promote the growth of neural stem cells in the rat hippocampus.

Because of its effects on different brain signaling pathways, including the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and the AKT/mTOR pathway, CBD may be able to stimulate neurogenesis. These networks are crucial in controlling how neural stem cells proliferate and differentiate.

Neurotransmission And CBD

The synapses in the brain use chemicals called neurotransmitters to communicate with one another. Different neurological and psychiatric disorders can emerge due to neurotransmitter-level imbalances.

Studies also show that CBD alters cerebral neurotransmission. According to one research, CBD raises brain levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which can help people feel less anxious and happier. Another research discovered that CBD could boost the GABA neurotransmitter system's activity, lessening anxiety and seizures.

The modulatory effects of CBD on the brain's various receptors, including the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor and the GABA-A receptor, may cause its impacts on neurotransmission. In addition, CBD can delay the reuptake of neurotransmitters like anandamide, extending their impacts on the brain.

CBD And Anxiety And Depression

Many neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, include anxiety and melancholy as prevalent symptoms. Since CBD can have both anxiolytic and antidepressant qualities, it can lessen the symptoms of both depression and anxiety.

In both animal models and people, studies have shown that CBD can lessen the signs of anxiety and melancholy. It indicates that CBD may help treat neurological disorders as a neuroprotective agent.

Conclusion

CBD has demonstrated tremendous promise as a neuroprotective agent in numerous rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases. The brain can be protected from harm by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can be repaired and restored to function by its capacity to support neurogenesis and modulate neurotransmission. Most of the research on CBD and neuroprotection was on animal models, so more studies are required to establish how well it works in people. Furthermore, it still needs to be determined what the best CBD gummies dosage and delivery strategy for neuroprotection should be.

Despite these drawbacks, CBD study is promising to create novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. It makes an appealing option for additional research due to its safety profile and accessibility as a natural compound. It's essential to remember that CBD shouldn't be used in place of standard medical care or as a panacea for neurodegenerative disorders. However, it merits further investigation as a potential therapy for these crippling conditions because it might give a complementary strategy to treatment.

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The human brain is the most complex and powerful organ in the body. It is responsible for controlling everything we do, from breathing and sleeping to thinking and feeling. As society becomes more focused on productivity, there has been a growing interest in nootropic supplements as a potential way to enhance brain function, improve memory, increase focus, and even promote brain health. But can nootropics truly improve brain function and brain health?

What Are Nootropic Supplements?

Nootropic supplements, also known as cognitive enhancers, are substances claimed to improve brain function and cognitive abilities. They can come in different forms, including pills, powders, and drinks. They are typically made up of natural substances, such as vitamins, minerals, herbs, and amino acids, however they can also be made synthetically.

The term "nootropic" was first coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in the 1970s. Giurgea defined nootropics as substances that enhance learning and memory while being safe and non-toxic. The first nootropic drug, piracetam, was developed by Giurgea and is still used today to treat cognitive decline in elderly patients.

Since then, numerous nootropic supplements have been developed and marketed as brain boosters. These supplements are often touted as being able to improve memory, focus, creativity, and overall cognitive performance. However, the scientific evidence behind these claims is often limited.

Furthermore, things many people ordinarily consume have been identified as being nootropics, such as caffeine and nicotine, as well as dietary components like omega 3s.

7 Examples of Nootropic Supplements and Their Benefits

The proposed benefits on brain function include increasing focus, learning, memory, creativity, and mental energy, but the most common reason people take nootropics is to improve focus and concentration.

1. Caffeine

Found in coffee and tea, caffeine is a well-known nootropic stimulant that can increase alertness and can improve cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and reaction time. Additionally, l-theanine, an amino acid in green tea, has been shown to affect brain functions by relieving stress disorders and improving mood. However, the effects are generally short-lived and can vary depending on individual factors such as caffeine tolerance and dose, as well as produce side effects such as anxiety or loss of sleep.

2. Creatine

Creatine is a popular sports performance supplement that’s also used as a nootropic. Creatine is an amino acid that’s found in muscle tissue, and it’s known to play a role in energy production. Some studies have found that creatine can improve cognitive performance in tasks that require short-term memory and mental processing speed. However, the effects of creatine on cognitive performance may be more pronounced in people who don’t consume enough creatine in their diets.

3. Omega-3

These fatty acids are another popular nootropic. Omega-3s are essential fatty acids that are found in high concentrations in fatty fish like salmon and tuna. Omega-3s have been shown to improve cognitive function and protect against cognitive decline in older adults. However, more research is needed to establish if isolated omega-3 taken supplement form, can replicate these effects.

4. Ginkgo biloba

This herbal supplement has been used for centuries in traditional medicine. Some studies have found that ginkgo biloba can improve cognitive function in healthy people, although the effects may be more pronounced in older adults. However, other studies have found no significant effects of ginkgo biloba on cognitive function.

5. Racetams

This class of synthetic compounds are specifically designed for cognitive enhancement. The most well-known racetam is piracetam, which has been shown to improve cognitive function in people with cognitive impairment. However, the effects of piracetam on cognitive function in healthy people are less clear. Other racetams, like aniracetam and oxiracetam, have been studied less extensively.

6. Nicotine

One of the most surprising nootropic supplements is pure nicotine. Nicotine is a stimulant that is naturally found in tobacco leaves. While smoking is a major health hazard, pure nicotine supplements are being researched for their potential cognitive benefits. An analysis of 41 studies concluded that nicotine safely improved fine motor skills, attention, accuracy, response time, short-term memory, and working memory. It's suspected that nicotine might protect dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, keeping them from dying.

7. Resveratrol

Resveratrol is a well-known polyphenolic compound in various plants, including grape, peanut, and berry fruits. It has unique anti-inflammatory properties, and health benefits being researched include anti-obesity, cardioprotective neuroprotective, antitumor, antidiabetic, antioxidants, anti-age effects, and glucose metabolism. Promising therapeutic properties have also been reported in various treatments of cancer.

However, it’s important to note that the scientific evidence for the brain health benefits of nootropics is still limited, and challenged by the fact that long-term studies are often needed to establish their true relevance on brain development.

That said research in this space is growing with some exciting prospects. For example, a recent animal study with Lion’s Mane showed dramatic benefits for promoting neurogenesis, with a direct impact on neural growth and improved memory formation. Researchers have proposed it's potential value in clinical applications treating and preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

The Bottom Line

Nootropic supplements have gained popularity in recent years as a potential way to improve brain functions and brain health. While some supplements have shown promise in improving cognitive functions such as memory and attention, the scientific evidence behind their effectiveness is still limited, even though promising. Additionally, it’s important to remember that nootropics are not a magic bullet for brain health.

That said, many nootropics that are naturally based are unlikely to have negative effects on the brain when taken in moderation. Combining such nootropics into your regular diet is likely to have general health benefits, and be a relatively safe way to reap some of the possible brain benefits.

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