Virtual Reality (VR) is an unusual technology in that it is used by neuroscience researchers and entertainment enthusiasts alike. For decades VR has been the go-to tool for psychophysicists to investigate how the brain leverages it senses and cognition to simulate our perception of reality.  The dramatic increase in the power and affordability of VR in recent years is driving mass adoption, making it also important to learn how VR experiences influence our cognition and mental states. There is certainly still lots to discover when it comes to understanding the complexities of the human mind. Here we will highlight the diversity of ways this tech can be utilized like a microscope to delve into our sophisticated perceptual systems.

1. Immersive Experiments: Unlike traditional research methods, VR provides an immersive environment where participants can engage with stimuli in a controlled yet naturalistic setting. Researchers can design experiments that mimic real-world scenarios, allowing for a deeper understanding of how individuals perceive and interact with their surroundings.

2. Spatial Cognition: VR enables researchers to investigate spatial cognition with high precision. By manipulating virtual environments, scientists can study how humans navigate complex spaces, perceive distances, and form mental maps—a vital aspect with applications ranging from urban planning to cognitive rehabilitation.

3. Embodied Presence: One of the most interesting features of VR is its ability to induce a sense of presence, where users feel fully immersed in the virtual world. This phenomenon opens avenues for exploring embodied cognition—the idea that our bodies shape our cognitive processes. Through VR, researchers can examine how bodily sensations influence perception, memory, and decision-making.

4: Multisensory Integration: Human perception is inherently multisensory, integrating inputs from various sensory modalities to construct a coherent understanding of the environment. VR technology facilitates the study of multisensory integration by manipulating visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli in synchronized fashion, offering insights into how the brain combines sensory information to form perceptions.

5. Perceptual Illusions: VR provides a platform for creating perceptual illusions—phenomena that challenge our understanding of reality. By presenting conflicting visual cues or altering spatial relationships, researchers can induce illusions such as the rubber hand illusion or the size-weight illusion, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying perception and consciousness.

6. Empathy and Perspective-Taking: VR has emerged as a powerful tool for fostering empathy and perspective-taking by allowing users to experience the world from different vantage points. Whether simulating the daily challenges faced by individuals with disabilities or immersing users in unfamiliar cultural contexts, VR promotes understanding and empathy by bridging perceptual and experiential gaps.

7. Cognitive Rehabilitation: VR also has direct applications for enhancing cognitive rehabilitation interventions. By creating tailored environments and tasks, clinicians can target cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and executive functioning in individuals with neurological conditions or cognitive impairments, offering a dynamic and engaging approach to therapy. Or alternatively exposure to threatening scenarios within a safe and controlled environment can be used to help overcome fear based conditions, such as PSTD.

8. Virtual Embodiment and Self-Perception: Through avatars and virtual embodiment, VR offers a unique window into self-perception and body representation. Studies have shown that embodying avatars with different physical characteristics can influence users' self-perception, attitudes, and behavior, highlighting the profound connection between virtual experiences and real-world identity.

9. Learning and Skill Acquisition: VR-based simulations provide a safe and immersive environment for learning and skill acquisition across various domains. From surgical training to driver education, VR allows individuals to practice and refine their skills in realistic scenarios, accelerating the learning process and enhancing performance outcomes. It also opens up the option for remote applications, such as telesurgery.

Future Directions

With tech giants like Meta and Apple investing heavily in VR developments the rapid evolution this immersive technology shows no signs of stopping. On the horizon are applications that will allow people to interact with photorealistic avatars that truly blur the lines between real and simulated. Integration with other tech like brain computer interfaces, live biometrics, eye tracking and neuromodulation techniques will only expand its applications in psychology, neuroscience, education, and industry training. As well as the impacts this will bring on our 21st century lifestyles, we can also expect a plethora of new insights into the workings of the human mind.

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Over 100 independently published scientific studies have revealed that NeuroTracker data provides a unique and meaningful window into brain functions. As such, the NeuroTrackerX platform has been designed with analytical tools to help provide insights that can be discovered both microscopically through individual user breakdowns, and macroscopically via trends across groups of users. Here we will cover the essentials on how to navigate and interpret the valuable cognitive data collected by your organization.

Reviewing Single User Data

Each users’ training data can be viewed in two focused ways – training progress over time through NeuroTracker scores, and as individual session breakdowns. Let’s take a look at both.

NeuroTracker Scores

Each NeuroTracker session provides one main score that represents a user’s ‘Speed Threshold’ - the level at which someone can track all of their targets successfully around 50% of the time.  This score is calculated as the average between lowest speed trial fails and highest speed trial success from a selection of key trials in a complete session.

For example, a NeuroTracker session score could be 1.5.  This means that when the targets reach that speed, the individual’s ability to maintain track of them will typically start to break down.  In effect, it represents an upper limit for 3D multiple object tracking speed.

As NeuroTracker is a simulation-based task, the score also represents a real-world measure of how fast a person can track objects moving, with a score of 1.0 equating to an object velocity of 0.68cms per second. Note that users need to sit the correct distance from the display to maintain an accurate representation of real-world tracking speed.

The Core session is used to gain a scientifically validated measure of NeuroTracker performance. Therefore, Core scores are also the best reference for measuring progress with training over time.

Accordingly, Core baselines are used as the reference for performance progress. A scientific NeuroTracker baseline is derived from the average of 3 consecutive Core sessions. This is the recommended starting point for all users, and the first 3 Core sessions yields an 'Initial Baseline'.

The NeuroTrackerX software compares this to 'Current Baseline' (the most recent 3 Core sessions) to calculate overall improvement.

The quick guide for this is 'Improvement %' displayed on each users dashboard. In the example above, the Initial Baseline (shown bottom left) of 1.01 is compared to the Current Baseline (bottom right) to yield an overall improvement of 66% (top left). However, any 2 Core baselines can be meaningfully compared, for example to investigate the effects of any type of training intervention on high-level cognitive functions.

The standardized measure for a NeuroTracker score is based on 4 target tracking, where tracking speed and score are the same. If a user performs a session at 1, 2, or 3 targets, the NeuroTracker score will be normalized to an approximation of what the result would be if performed at 4 targets.

For comparison purposes, tracking speed is then presented in addition to score. For example, achieving a tracking speed of 1.5 at 3 targets will yield a session score of 1.0 (the approximate tracking speed at 4 targets).

On the user’s dashboard these two measures are differentiated by a solid line (score) and a dashed line (tracking speed).

Single Session Data Analysis

In addition to a session score, more granular performance metrics can be viewed for any completed session. Highlight metrics include:

Consistency Score: a measure of how variable tracking speed performance was over the session. A low score here means that over the 20 trials of the session the user was successful at relatively high speeds, yet also was unsuccessful at relatively low speeds, suggesting susceptibility to attention lapses. This score tends to increase with the benefits of training over time (via increases in sustained attention).

Fastest Trial Score Success: the single highest successful trial speed of the session.

Lowest Trial Score Miss: the single lowest trial speed fail of the session.

Other highlights include a user’s personal milestone achievements specific to the their training history, such as reaching a relatively high level of consistency.

Now let’s cover two micro analyses of session data.

Trial Success Breakdown

The results of each trial in a NeuroTracker session are categorized into three groups:

Perfect Trials: correct identification of all targets.

Near Misses: correct identification of all targets except one.

Significant Misses: incorrect identification of 2 or more targets.

The types of misses help give insights on whether a user was close to a trial success, or mostly lost tracking overall.

The dashboard shows the distribution of these results on the right side. However, it’s also important to qualify these results by the speed they were attempted at. For example, a Perfect Trial at a high speed is much more significant than at a low speed.

In the above screenshot the spider chart displays the three categories of trial results, denoted by the three correspondingly colored sections.

Results at towards the outer boundaries of the spider chart represent more trials, and vice versa.

Overall, this gives a snapshot of the distribution of trial results relative to the tracking speeds at which they were performed.

This data gives a more complete picture of the Consistency Score, and can be useful for closely monitoring how NeuroTracker performance specifically changes with training over time as session scores improve.

Average Response Time Per Trial

This metric is basically a measure of how much time it took for a user to input answers on each session trial. Although answering quickly is not part of the NeuroTracker task and does not influence session score, it can be useful as a passive indicator in two ways.

Firstly, selecting targets during the answer phase in NeuroTracker trials involves processing speed and working memory, which have both been shown to be improved with NeuroTracker training. As such, response times will likely become incrementally faster the more training sessions a user has completed.

Or they can be influenced by a user’s general cognitive state. For instance, from the get-go young people will be much more likely to have faster response times than older people.

Secondly, these measures can give hints into a person’s confidence level. To give an example, if a person attempted a trial at a relatively low speed, had a fast response time, but got a Significant Miss, it suggests they believed they were successful, yet were unaware they had lost tracking (over confident).

Now let’s review the chart data. On the top right a single Average Response Time score is displayed. This represents the average time taken to input target answers across all the trials in the session.

The graph displays response time per trial in seconds on the vertical Y axis, and the number of the trial on the horizontal X axis. It gives a quick picture of overall response times as well how variable they were over the course of the session.

For a more detailed breakdown, the filters for Perfect Trials, Near Misses and Significant Misses can be selected to compare response times to trial results along with the precise time taken to input answers.

As we’ve just covered, this breakdown can be helpful for revealing more psychological aspects of NeuroTracker performance. Changes in response time will also likely correlate with NeuroTracker scores - typically the higher an individual's tracking speed, the faster their response time will be.

Lastly, if a user's NeuroTracker scores drop lower than expected, it is a good idea to check if this correlates with reduced response time, as it may provide an extra indicator that cognitive functioning has become impaired for some reason (e.g. from poor sleep, fatigue, diet changes and so on).

Aggregated Data

Collated group data can be viewed in the ‘Stats’ section of the NeuroTrackerX Organization software. There are three analysis tools which can be used to compare macro data trends for up to 10 users within the organization.

1. Progression

This tool is similar to each user's main training chart, showing all NeuroTracker session scores for each user, but with each user represented as a different line.

At a glance it shows how much training has been completed from one user to another, as well how scores compare. The chart can be scrolled to the right to view 20 or more sessions, revealing how improvements vary with training over time.

The shaded bands of light blue on the chart background allow sessions scores to be compared with normative population data. In the above example users would rank in the top 25% of users in the global NeuroTracker database.

The thick light blue line displays the average score performance from session-to-session for the selected group of users.

The average score performance for all users within the organization can be compared, displayed as the dotted line.

Filters allow flexible selection or deselection of any of normative population, organization or group data, as well as individuals within the selected group. This means it is easy to explore and focus in on any interesting trends that might emerge.

2. Baselines

This tool provides a visualization of a group of users' Initial Baselines (Y axis) compared to Current Baselines (X axis), i.e. where they started off and where they are now.

The average for the selected group is represented by the light blue line, also the average for all users in the organization can be selected for broader comparision. Both of these refences are displayed numerically as default on the right side of the chart.

Additionally, the crosshair highlights can be shown for any individual by selecting them, also revealing their numerical scores.

Generally speaking, the further a user's circle icon is to the top right of the chart, the better their overall NeuroTracker performance is. However, being closer to the bottom right also highlights how much relative progress a user has made in their training (AKA their Improvement %), which is a better reference for the expected benefits transferred from training effects.

3. Improvement

Last but not least, a clear overview of Improvement% can be compared for a group of users. Again group and organizations norms can be displayed for comparision and are shown numerically by default by the right side of the chart.

This can be a nice way to congratulate and motivate successful users making significant progress compared to their peers, particularly so if their NeuroTracker scores are not so high. From a neuroplasticity standpoint improvement is the ultimate goal!

Finally, note that all of the charts for single users and aggregated data can be customized to individual preferences, as well as downloaded as data reports to print out or share digitally with users.

We hope you found this guide useful and that these tools can help you glean more insights that NeuroTracker data can uncover through a unqiue window into cognitive functions and brain health. If you would like to delve into NeuroTracker scores and learning rates a little deeper, or to enlighten your organization's users, then also check out this guide.

Your Guide to NeuroTracker Scores

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In the hustle and bustle of our daily lives, cognitive health often takes a back seat. Still, the demands of modern living require us to be at the top of our mental game, so it's imperative to explore various avenues that can noticeably promote optimal brain function; beyond traditional lifestyle changes, incorporating brain-boosting beverages into our routines can be a delicious and effective way to enhance memory - so, just what yummy concoctions have shown promise in supporting cognitive brilliance?

1. Humble H20 - With a Twist

In the quest for mental well-being, simplicity often holds the key. Infused water, with its hydrating and flavorful properties, serves as a mindful elixir that not only refreshes the body, but also provides a moment of tranquility for the mind - just a squeeze of lemon, some muddled berries, or whatever takes your fancy, could be just what the concentration doctor's ordered. Traditional ‘bubbles’ might have to wait until after work - but watermelon bubbles can be enjoyed all day!

2. Green Tea

Green tea, celebrated for its antioxidants and minimal caffeine content, emerges as a powerhouse for cognitive enhancement, and the science backs it up a treat; the amino acid L-theanine found in green tea has been associated with improved focus and attention, making it an ideal beverage for those seeking to elevate their working memory.

3. Blueberry Smoothies

Blueberries, often dubbed as nature's brain food, are packed with flavonoids that boast powerful antioxidant properties that have been linked to improved cognitive function, including memory; blend them into a delicious smoothie to create a refreshing elixir that will have your taste buds singing while boosting your brainpower.

4. Turmeric Latte

The active compound curcumin in turmeric has garnered attention for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and has the potential to support brain health; a comforting turmeric latte is not just a trendy beverage, but also a flavorful way to introduce this brain-boosting spice into your daily routine.

5. Ginseng Infused Tea

Ginseng, revered in traditional medicine for its adaptogenic properties, can be infused into tea to create a beverage known for promoting cognitive sharpness. Enjoy a cup of ginseng tea as a soothing and invigorating addition to your memory-enhancing arsenal.

6. MCT Oil Coffee

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) found in coconut oil have been associated with improved cognitive function; add a splash of MCT oil to your morning coffee for a creamy concoction that not only provides sustained energy, but also supports mental clarity and focus.

7. Cherry Juice

Quality sleep is vital for memory consolidation, and cherry juice has been linked to improved sleep duration and quality - try sipping on a glass of tart cherry juice in the evening to potentially enhance your sleep and, consequently, boost your memory.

8. Cinnamon-infused Almond Milk

Cinnamon has been associated with cognitive benefits, including improved attention and memory; combine this aromatic spice with almond milk for a deliciously spiced beverage that not only tantalizes your taste buds, but also contributes to cognitive well-being.

9. Ashwagandha Elixir

Ashwagandha, an adaptogenic herb, has been traditionally used to support cognitive function and reduce stress; you can create your very own herbal elixir by infusing ashwagandha into warm water or tea, manifesting a harmonious blend that may enhance cognitive resilience.

10. Pomegranate Green Tea

Pomegranate, rich in antioxidants, can be paired with green tea for a flavorful combination that supports cognitive brilliance; this antioxidant fusion not only provides a refreshing taste, but may also contribute to improved memory function.

11. Oat Milk Latte with Maca

Oat milk, known for its nutrient content, combined with maca, an adaptogenic root, creates a latte that supports overall brain vitality; enjoy the richness of this nutrient-packed beverage to fuel your day with sustained cognitive energy.

12. Passionflower Tea

Passionflower tea, recognized for its calming properties, can be a tranquil tonic that supports relaxation, and potentially aids in memory recall; sip on this soothing tea to unwind and give your memory a gentle boost.

13. Rosemary Lemonade

Rosemary has been linked to improved cognitive performance, and when paired with the refreshing zest of lemonade, it becomes a delightful elixir for mental clarity; try infusing rosemary into your homemade lemonade for a tasty, memory-enhancing treat.

14. Walnut Milk Smoothie

Walnuts are a powerhouse of omega-3 fatty acids, crucial for brain health. Blend walnut milk into a smoothie with brain-friendly ingredients for a delightful beverage that not only tastes great but also supports cognitive agility.

15. Beetroot Juice

Nitrate-rich beetroot juice has shown promise when it comes to enhancing blood flow to the brain, which, in turn, supports cognitive functions, including memory; incorporating this vibrant elixir into your daily regimen is a shrewd strategy to harness its potential benefits for a sharper mind.

16. Coconut Water

Dehydration can impair cognitive performance, and coconut water emerges as a natural hydrator packed with nutrients; maintaining optimal hydration levels is crucial for supporting overall brain function, making coconut water a delicious and effective choice for cognitive excellence.

17. Dark Hot Chocolate

Indulge in the richness of dark chocolate, which contains flavonoids associated with cognitive improvement, including memory enhancement; you can transform your hot chocolate into a brain-boosting elixir by choosing dark chocolate with high cocoa content for a delightful treat that nourishes both your body and mind.

18. Fish Oil-infused Smoothies

Omega-3 fatty acids, abundant in fish oil, play a vital role in maintaining brain health; you could even enhance your smoothies by incorporating fish oil - alongside other brain-friendly ingredients - for a tasty, nutritious elixir that supports cognitive vitality.

19. Pumpkin Seed Milk

Pumpkin seeds are a treasure trove of magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper - all essential nutrients for optimal brain function; try elevating your morning latte or smoothie by using pumpkin seed milk as a base, for a delicious way to promote cognitive wellness.

20. Sage Tea

Sage, historically recognized for its memory-boosting properties, can be brewed into a soothing tea; sip on a cup of sage tea, anytime the mood takes you, to enjoy its aromatic essence while potentially reaping cognitive benefits.

21. Matcha Latte

Derived from powdered green tea leaves, matcha combines antioxidants with a gentle dose of caffeine. The synergy of L-theanine and caffeine in matcha has been shown to improve attention and memory. Transform your morning routine with a matcha latte for sustained cognitive agility throughout the day.

Here’s to a Sharper Mind

As we explore the world of brain-boosting beverages, it's crucial to remember that true cognitive health stems from a truly holistic approach; while these beverages certainly hold promise in enhancing memory, they surely work best when complemented by a balanced diet, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep. Before making significant changes to your routine, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional; here's to a sharper mind and a future filled with cognitive brilliance!

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A new study with professional soccer players in Greece aimed to investigate whether neuromotor training could accelerate football-specific decision-making outcomes across two competition seasons. It focused on the relationship between visual tracking speeds (VTS) and football-specific performance measures. Here we will cover a summary of the study.

What Was Studied

The study included 11 professional football players (5 offense players, 6 defense players) from two major Super League football clubs. The offense players had an average age of 26.8 years, while the defense players had an average age of 23.2 years.

Visual tracking speed was assessed via NeuroTracker, with players completing one core session consisting of 20 trials. Football-specific performance measures were collected using the Wyscout analytics platform, including actions when:-
·      Team is winning/losing

·      Actions with/without a yellow card

·      Dribbles

·      Through passes

·      Forward passes

·      Assists

Rigorous statistical analysis methods were used to compare variables between seasons. Effect sizes were calculated to determine the magnitude of differences.

What Was Found

The study found significant improvements in most variables in the second season compared to the first season. Specifically, there were significant increases in actions when team is winning/losing, total actionswithout a yellow card, through passes, forward passes, and assists.

The study findings suggest that visual tracking speed (VTS) plays a crucial role in evaluating football players, as it reflects their ability to monitor multiple objects in a dynamic environment, enabling quicker responses to game demands. Despite the study's preliminary nature, the results indicate a meaningful link between higher VTS and better performance in ball control measures, highlighting the importance of assessing players' cognitive capabilities for team success in recruitment and strategic planning.

Takeaways

The results suggest that NeuroTracker baseline measures are significantly related to football players' ability to perceive and respond to stimuli on the field. Enhanced tracking capability may lead to improved game-related measures of performance, particularly in ball control.

The study suggests that neuromotor training based around increasing visual tracking speed could be beneficial for football players, which would be a practical method for football clubs and academies to integrate into their player development programs to enhance decision making skills and improve the quality of talent produced.

The findings could also have implications for other teamsports, such as basketball, hockey, and rugby, where quick decision making and spatial awareness are crucial.

Study Reference

Does neuromotor training accelerate football-specific decision making outcomes in professional football players over two seasons? (open-access paper)

Georgios Kakavas, Nikolaos Malliaropoulos, MichailMitrotasios, Orestis Christofilakis, Florian Forelli, Panagiotis Tsaklis. Published in Sport Performance and Science Reports. 

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The human body is an intricate ecosystem, comprising trillions of microorganisms that play crucial roles in our health and well-being. Among these, the mouth microbiome stands out as a dynamic community of bacteria, fungi, and viruses residing in our oral cavity. While traditionally associated with oral health, emerging research suggests that the mouth microbiome may exert far-reaching effects beyond the confines of our mouths, even influencing the complex workings of the brain.

Understanding the Mouth Microbiome

At first glance, the mouth might seem like a simple gateway for food intake and communication. However, it is a bustling ecosystem teeming with microbial life. These microorganisms form intricate communities that interact with each other and with the host environment.

The balance of this ecosystem is crucial for maintaining oral health, as disruptions can lead to conditions like tooth decay, gum disease, and bad breath.

The Mouth-Body Connection

Recent scientific discoveries have illuminated the profound connections between oral health and overall well-being. Studies have linked poor oral health to an increased risk of systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections.

This has sparked interest in exploring the mechanisms through which the mouth microbiome influences distant parts of the body, including the brain.

The Mouth-Brain Axis

While the notion of a "gut-brain axis" has garnered considerable attention in recent years, researchers are now turning their gaze toward the potential role of what is scientifically termed the "Oral-Microbiome-Brain Axis" in shaping neurological health.

‍Emerging evidence suggests that the mouth microbiome may communicate with the brain through various pathways, including the bloodstream, the vagus nerve, and the immune system. These pathways can allow mouth microbes to influence microbial and metabolite escape, neuroinflammation, central nervous system signaling, and neurohormone responses.

Implications for Brain Health

Preliminary studies have revealed intriguing associations between the mouth microbiome and neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and even mood disorders like depression and anxiety.

While the exact mechanisms underlying these connections remain elusive, researchers hypothesize that inflammation, microbial metabolites, and neural signaling pathways may play key roles.

Takeaways

The mouth is now understood to be not merely a gateway to the body, but a central player in the intricate web of health and disease. The young but fast-growing field of microbiome research adds even greater complexity to the understanding of human health and disease. However, research may also lead to new therapeutic targets for neurological disorders as well reveal practical ways to manage our mouth microbiota directly promote brain health. For example this could include oral probiotic toothpastes to promote healthy microbiota.

By nurturing a diverse and balanced oral microbiome, we may not only safeguard our oral health but also promote overall well-being. As research continues it is likely wise to prioritize good oral hygiene practices. You can also check if your dentist specializes in periodontal cleaning to reduce the risk of factors such as gum disease.

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Addiction is a complex illness that profoundly affects many facets of a person's life. One of the most important areas where addiction affects people is cognitive function. It is necessary to comprehend the complex interaction between addiction and cognitive function to create treatment plans that support long-term recovery. Often known as a substance use disease, addiction is a chronic, relapsing illness marked by obsessive drug seeking, prolonged drug use despite negative effects, and brain abnormalities that take time to heal. The brain's reward system is involved in the addictive cycle, which reinforces drug-using behaviors.

The Relationship between Addiction and Cognitive Function

A variety of mental processes, such as executive, memory, and attention, are included in cognitive function. These mental skills are essential for daily operations, decision-making, and well-being. Addiction that impairs cognitive function can cause many problems in several spheres of life.

There is a correlation between addiction and cognitive performance. Substance misuse can aggravate pre-existing mental abnormalities, and cognitive deficits may make it easier for addiction to start and persist. Rehab and successful intervention depend on an awareness of this dynamic interaction.

The Neurobiology of Addiction

Substance addiction causes major damage to the brain. Drugs and alcohol have an impact on neurotransmitter levels, particularly dopamine, which is crucial for the brain's reward system. The brain's structural changes brought about by long-term drug addiction affect the areas responsible for memory, learning, and decision-making.

A rise in drug cravings is caused by neurotransmitter level changes that upset the delicate equilibrium in the brain. This need adds to the cyclical nature of addiction, along with compromised cognitive function.

Brain areas linked to cognitive function and neural network functionality are impacted by addiction in terms of their form and structure. It is possible that these alterations will continue long after substance use stops, which emphasizes the long-term effects of addiction on brain circuitry.

Cognitive Functions Affected by Addiction

·         Attention and Concentration

Focus and consistent mental effort are necessary for the fundamental cognitive processes of attention and concentration. Addiction frequently causes attention deficits, which make it difficult for sufferers to focus on daily tasks. Attention is diverted, and challenges in sustaining focus result from the ongoing obsession with obtaining and abusing substances.

Apart from this, impulsive behavior is another sign of addiction that makes it harder for a person to focus. Addiction-related impulsive behavior can exacerbate attention deficits and cause disruptions to daily activities.

·         Memory

Addiction can affect both the short- and long-term processes that makeup memory.

Individuals with substance use disorders frequently experience problems in their short-term memory. Abuse of alcohol and other drugs can cause rapid harm to the brain, causing problems with memory recall and storage. It can cause forgetfulness and make it harder to remember things you've recently learned.

An essential additional cognitive effect of addiction is long-term memory degradation. A key part of the brain involved in forming long-term memories is the hippocampal formation, which is affected by long-term substance use. It gets more difficult for people to learn from the consequences of their actions since they may require assistance recalling past experiences and occurrences.

·         Executive Functions

Setting and making decisions can be hampered by addiction, which perpetuates the cycle of substance usage. Defective impulse control and poor decision-making are common side effects of addiction, leading to risky and impulsive conduct. The ability to adapt cognitively to new settings is reportedly compromised in people with executive function problems, which can impede the kind of constructive behavioral changes that are vital for healing.

Dual Diagnosis: Mental Health and Addiction

The relationship between mental health and addiction is intricate, and the co-occurrence of both conditions, known as dual diagnosis or comorbidity, is common. Mental health disorders can both contribute to the development of addiction and be exacerbated by substance abuse.

The interplay between addiction and mental health further intensifies cognitive issues. Individuals with dual diagnosis often experience more severe cognitive impairments, making treatment more challenging. Enough healing and cognitive improvement require addressing both the addiction and associated mental health concerns.

Recovery and Cognitive Improvement

It has long been believed that addiction causes lasting harm to the brain. Still, new research indicates that the brain is remarkably malleable and can experience good changes in response to therapy and abstinence.

Cognitive recovery is greatly aided by therapy and rehabilitation. It has shown promise that individuals in cognitive rehabilitation programs—which focus on improving specific mental processes—can restore cognitive abilities that have been compromised by addiction.

Patients' general cognitive performance is improved by an all-encompassing therapeutic approach involving counseling, support groups, and lifestyle changes. Healthy lifestyle choices like a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep support rehab-related mental healing.

Prevention Strategies

A comprehensive strategy addressing risk factors and fostering protective variables is needed to prevent addiction-related cognitive deficits.

·         Early Intervention and Education

Preventing the cognitive deterioration associated with addiction requires early intervention. Prevention-focused educational programs regarding substance misuse are offered in communities and schools; they educate people about the psychological effects of addiction and provide them with the information they need to make wise decisions.

·         Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Addiction's detrimental effects on cognitive function must be lessened by promoting healthy lifestyle choices. Healthy eating, getting enough sleep, and exercising regularly all support resilience and general brain health, which lowers the risk of substance abuse-related cognitive impairments.

·         Community-Based Programs

For those who are at risk of addiction or who are already battling it, community-based programs like support groups and outreach projects help them feel supported and like they belong. These programs offer tools, motivation, and a network of people going through comparable struggles to support prevention and recovery.

Conclusion

To summarize, there are many facets to the impact of addiction on cognitive function, necessitating thorough knowledge and focused therapies. People can achieve mental recovery and reclaim a happy life outside of the grip of addiction with the help of early intervention, rehabilitation, and continuous support. Understanding the value of preventative measures highlights our shared need to build a culture that promotes and safeguards cognitive well-being even more.

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The human body is the epitome of a complex interconnected system. Perhaps one of the most fascinating interplays revealed in modern neuroscience is the dynamically entwined relationship between the heart and the brain. Research has shed light on the profound bidirectional influence these vital organs exert on each other, partly redefining our traditional definitions of the roles they play in our biology. Here we will highlight some of the unseen connections between the heart and the brain, revealing how this symbiotic relationship contributes to our overall health and well-being.

The Heart's Silent Symphony

The heart, long considered as merely a pump, has now been revealed to be much more. Recent research suggests that the heart functions more like an orchestra, producing electrical, hormonal, and neurological signals that can directly influence brain activity in feedback loops.

The Heart's Electromagnetic Pulse

The heart generates a powerful electromagnetic field that extends beyond the confines of the body. This field is not only detectable but can also be influenced by our emotional states. Studies have shown that positive emotions, like love and gratitude, lead to a coherent and harmonious heart rhythm pattern, which in turn synchronizes with the brain's electrical activity. This synchronization enhances cognitive function, emotional well-being, and even immune response.

Heart-Brain Communication

The heart communicates with the brain through the vagus nerve, a crucial conduit for the bidirectional exchange of information. Recent findings reveal that the heart sends signals to the amygdala that affect emotional processing and decision-making. These signals can influence our perceptions, reactions to stress, and even our ability to empathize with others.

The Brain's Command and Control

While the heart communicates with the brain, the brain, in turn, exerts its influence over the heart. This bidirectional relationship is a critical component of our body's ability to adapt to changing circumstances and maintain homeostasis.

The Brain's Autonomic Control

The autonomic nervous system, a branch of the central nervous system, plays a pivotal role in regulating the heart's activity. The brain, through its control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of this system, adjusts heart rate and blood pressure to respond to various situations. Stressful situations activate the sympathetic branch, leading to increased heart rate, while relaxation and rest engage the parasympathetic branch, slowing the heart rate.

Emotional Intelligence and the Brain

The brain is the command center for emotional intelligence. Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed that the brain's emotional processing centers, such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, interact closely with the heart. Emotions, ranging from fear and anger to love and joy, produce distinct patterns of brain activity that are mirrored in the heart's responses. This connection between emotions and heart activity underscores the brain's pivotal role in shaping our emotional experiences.

The Heart-Brain Feedback Loop

The heart and brain's dynamic interplay is not limited to one-way communication; it is a continuous feedback loop, with each organ influencing and responding to the other.

Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the variation in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats. High HRV is associated with adaptability and resilience, as it reflects the heart's ability to respond to changing demands. Studies have shown that individuals with higher HRV tend to exhibit better cognitive function, emotional regulation, and stress resilience. This phenomenon highlights how the heart's activity can shape the brain's function and overall well-being.

Neurofeedback and Heart Coherence

Research into neurofeedback techniques has revealed that individuals can learn to consciously influence their heart rate variability, resulting in improved cognitive performance and emotional well-being. By cultivating heart coherence through mindfulness and relaxation practices, people can harness the power of this feedback loop to optimize their mental and emotional states.

Stress Management

Chronic stress is a pervasive health concern in modern society, and its effects on the heart and brain are well-documented. However, the bidirectional nature of the heart-brain connection suggests that managing stress can be approached from both ends. Techniques that promote heart coherence, such as meditation and deep breathing exercises, can help mitigate the negative impact of stress on both organs.

Emotional Resilience

Developing emotional resilience is beneficial for maintaining mental health. By recognizing and regulating emotional responses, individuals can create a positive feedback loop between the heart and brain, fostering emotional balance and resilience.

Takeaways

The latest scientific discoveries have opened up some of the intricate and bidirectional relationships between the heart and the brain. These vital organs communicate through electromagnetic signals, neural pathways, and hormonal messages, influencing our emotional well-being, cognitive function, and overall health. Recognizing the profound interplay between the heart and brain provides new options for managing our mental and emotional states, but there is still likely much more to discover.

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In today's digital era, technology plays an integral role in our daily lives. From smartphones to wearable devices, we are constantly surrounded by a sea of technology. While this technological revolution has undoubtedly improved various aspects of our lives, it has also raised concerns about its impact on brain health and cognitive performance. Here we will cover some insights of 4 key neurotechnologies currently available, as well explore the potential risks of chronic digital media use and strategies to off-set them.

EEG Headsets and Neurofeedback

Electroencephalography (EEG) headsets are worn on the scalp to measure and record electrical activity in the brain. These headsets can be used to assess attention levels, mental workload, and even emotional states. They are increasingly adopted for cognitive training and brain-computer interface applications.

Neurofeedback systems utilize real-time EEG brainwave data to train individuals to regulate their brain activity. By providing feedback on brain states, these systems can enhance cognitive abilities such as attention and focus.

Typically, they involve efforts to regulate brainwaves into states associated with more focus or calmness, with visualizations or simple games which indicate how successfully brainwaves are changing in the moment.

The goal is to learn awareness of these preferred mind states and to be able to get into them on demand, for instance when they are helpful in dealing with challenging or stressful real-world situations. DIY apps and headsets allow individuals to practice this method independently, with Muse being one of the most popular options on the market.

However, Neurofeedback has also become a go-to tool for many clinical professionals working with patients in mental health and wellness domains, who typically used more sophisticated techniques, often in conjunction with other therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

HRV Biofeedback

HeartMath is an example a biofeedback product that helps individuals tap into the power and intelligence of their heart to manage stress and improve well-being.

HRV (Heart Rate Variability) is the variation in time between heartbeats, and it reflects the body's ability to adapt to changing conditions, as well as providing indications of psychological status, including measuring flow states.

HeartMath's HRV biofeedback techniques allow users to measure and monitor their short-term HRV, providing real-time feedback on their heart rhythm and variability. Through practice, individuals can learn to self-regulate their heart rhythm patterns and attain a state of coherence, which is a state of optimal physiological functioning and emotional balance. This is done through training techniques such as heart-focused breathing, positive emotional focus, and fostering appreciation or gratitude.

Wearables for Sleep Monitoring

‘Wearables’ are small sensing devices which are usually paired with smartphones. In terms of brain health they are most commonly used for sleep monitoring, providing individuals with insights into their sleep quality and patterns. These devices, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches worn on the body, utilize various sensors and technologies to track sleep-related data1.

By gathering data on movement and activity throughout the night, sleep duration and quality can be estimated on a daily basis and tracked over time. Some devices also include additional features like heart rate monitoring and pulse oximetry to provide more detailed information on sleep stages and oxygen levels during sleep.

One popular example of a wearable for sleep monitoring is Fitbit (now owned by Google). This devices use a combination of accelerometer data and heart rate monitoring to provide insights into sleep patterns, giving personalized sleep scores and recommendations on better sleep habits.

By using wearables for sleep monitoring, individuals can gain a better understanding of their sleep patterns and make informed decisions to improve their sleep quality and overall well-being. However, the downside may be overthinking sleep or a tendency towards obsessive monitoring, potentially hindering some of the benefits.

Cognitive Training

NeuroTracker is an example of a neurotechnology with wide scientific validation for its efficacy in measuring and improving cognitive performance with training. It involves performing a multiple object tracking task in stereo 3D, which takes 6-minutes to complete.

Over 100 independently published research papers have demonstrated its effectiveness for improving high-level cognitive functions, as well as real-world performance. The research spans low-functioning populations with neurodevelopmental or cognitive impairment issues, through to high-performance domains such as elite sports, professional Esports, fighter pilots and military special forces.

Collectively NeuroTracker research shows that 6-minutes training provides a sensitive measure of cognitive status, even predicting daily work performance, and that 3 hours of distributed training produces significant and measurable gains in cognitive performance.

Social Media and Screen Time - Friend or Foe?

The widespread use of digital devices and social media platforms has become an integral part of modern life. From computer gaming to smartphone use and social media, highly interactive digital medias have become wildly popular, yet at the same time which have been associated with compulsive behaviors and decreases in mental wellness. Here are some of the concerns which emerged regarding their impact on brain health and cognitive performance.

Sleep Disruption: The blue light emitted by digital screens can interfere with the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Prolonged exposure to screens before bedtime can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to reductions in cognitive performance and overall well-being.

Social Media and Mental Health: While social media allows us to connect with others and share experiences, excessive use has been linked to negative impacts on mental health along with a reduction of in-person social activities. Research has found strong links between heavy social media usage and increased stress, anxiety, and feelings of loneliness, which in turn can affect cognitive functioning.

Attention and Cognitive Control: The constant influx of notifications, messages, and scrolling through social media feeds can lead to reduced attention spans and difficulties in maintaining cognitive control. Research suggests that excessive screen time can impair attention and cognitive performance, particularly in tasks requiring sustained focus.

On the flip side the digital age has very much taken hold in most people’s lives for many positive reasons, and with the dramatic rise of AI it is certainly here to stay. To find a balance, digital well-being strategies have come to the foreground, such as setting screen time limits, practicing mindful technology use, and engaging in regular offline activities.

Similarly, the concept of digital detox has emerged. This involves taking frequent short breaks from digital media, increased focus on in-person social activities such as playing sports, or extended breaks through digital detox retreats and spending quality time in natural environments.

The key factor here is providing the brain and mind some respite to allow for cognitive restoration from chronic exposure to digital media. In this light, the neurotechnologies mentioned above may also play a useful role in off-setting or helping to monitor and manage some of the side effects of our digitally focused lifestyles.

Takeaways

As well as the potential risks associated with excessive technology use, there also are many benefits to be gained from the rise of technologies designed to optimize brain health and performance.

Neurotechnologies and validated cognitive training apps offer opportunities for individuals to engage in brain-stimulating activities to enhance cognitive performance and adapt our behaviors for better overall wellness in the digital age. As technology continues to evolve and pervade our lives at an ever-increasing pace, finding this balance between the pros and cons of technology will only become more important.

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Due to COVID-19 restrictions, a group of neuroscientists at the University of Victoria decided to investigate if NeuroTrackerX could uphold the standards of the lab version used in their many years of research. As well as doing a feasibility study they also wanted to test the potential for remote clinical use for the assessment and rehabilitation of neurological impairments, such as concussions. Here we will look at a summary of the key findings.

The Advantages of Remote Research

Aside from the challenges that lockdowns placed research assessing brain health and performance, remote research offers the possibility of studies with much larger numbers of participants and at greatly reduced cost. Having more participants increases the statistical reliability of findings, as well as allowing a broader range of populations and health conditions to be included in a single study for comparative analyses. It also makes participating in research studies much more accessible, affording more efficient recruitment as well as removing geographical restrictions.

The research team also noted prior research indicating NeuroTracker's promising potential as therapeutic tool for brain injury survivors, and accordingly wanted to assess it's practicality as a telehealth solution.

What Was Studied

Specifically the team sought to test if the setup of the home-based version would produce variations inresults from the lab-based version. The key differences between them being the size of the display and the method used to stimulate the binocular stereo 3D required for the NeuroTracker exercise.

To do this they performed a head-to-head comparision study of two groups of participants performing 3 NeuroTracker sessions, two days per week, for 4–5 weeks. One group performed the training program in the lab, while the other group undertook a home-based program.

Both groups were volunteer participants, and were equal in age (av. 50 years old), cognitive health and gender distribution.

The lab setup used an active 3D system with a 52-inch 3DTV. This method utilizes specialized shutter glasses, which flicker from opaque to transparent 60 times per second, alternating between each eye. The shutter glasses are precisely synchronized with the 3DTV display, effectively allowing a rapid stream of different images to be delivered to each eye.

The home based setup used anaglyph 3D glasses, which separates a single stream of images via color filtering. This is done through lenses specially calibrated to the NeuroTrackerX software's video rendering. The key advantage is that stereo 3D can be achieved on an everyday computer or TV display, without the need for any specialized hardware. All at-home participants trained on a computer with a 22 inch monitor provided by the researchers.

For both groups clear instructions were provided on how to perform the training, including sitting the correct distance away from the 3DTV or computer screen so that the same field of view was achieved. However a key difference was that the lab group was supervised in person, while the home group performed the training unsupervised.

What Was Found

A feasibility assessment found volunteer participants had exceptionally high recruitment and retention rates. Specifically for the remote users, questionnaire assessments showed a high ease of use of the program, and training data established a 90% adherence rate for independently completing the 4-5 week program. The 10% of sessions which weren't completed included participants who had health issues, such as requiring surgery, or significant time constraints.

Both groups' training data was analyzed for individual session scores, learning rates between sessions, and overall improvement.

Other than a slightly higher starting point for the lab group, multiple statistical analysis methods found that performance in both groups was close to identical, with 95% confidence intervals.

In conclusion the researchers stated.

''NeuroTrackerX is a feasible method of at-home cognitive training for research. Under these conditions, this research suggests that the at-home version offers a very similar training environment as the in-lab version and can be used for research purposes.''

The study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient Oriented Research, a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Project Grant and a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canada Graduate Scholarship.

The open-access study can be read here.

A Protocol for Remote Cognitive Training Developed for Use in Clinical Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Neuroscience is not only one of the fastest progressing fields of science, it is also one of the most diverse. 2023 saw research accelerating in many fascinating across a broad spectrum of disciplines. Here are some highlights of breakthroughs which promise to shape our understanding of the human brain and of the world we use it to interact with.

1. Electrical Brain Activity can Restructure Neurons

Traditionally we think of the electrical activity of the brain as downstream from the neurons that produce them via signaling firing. However, a new paper by John Hopkins and MIT neuroscientists proposes a theory that these electrical signals can actually restructure the brain down to the sub-cellular level.

Dubbed 'Cytoelectric Coupling', the theory proposes that the brain’s electrical fields, created by neural network activity, can influence the physical configuration of neurons’ sub-cellular components to optimize network stability and efficiency.

This builds upon earlier studies that showed how rhythmic electrical activity or ‘brain waves’ in neural networks, and the influence of electric fields at the molecular level, can coordinate and adjust the brain’s functions.

This type of electrically induced neuroplasticity at the microtubule and molecular level provides another avenue for understanding why human cognition is so incredibly flexible.

The mechanisms outlined for how this is achieved include electrodiffusion, mechanotransduction, and exchanges between electrical, potential and chemical energy.

As the lead researcher summarized,“𝘼𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙗𝙧𝙖𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙙𝙖𝙥𝙩𝙨 𝙩𝙤 𝙖 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙡𝙙, 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙞𝙣𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙢𝙤𝙡𝙚𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚 𝙩𝙤𝙤. 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙣𝙚𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙘𝙝 𝙪𝙥 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙣𝙚𝙪𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙘𝙚𝙨𝙨, 𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙚, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙢𝙞𝙩 𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙪𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘 𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙨. 𝙄𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙣𝙚𝙪𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙨’ 𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘 𝙛𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙙𝙨 𝙨𝙚𝙚𝙢𝙨 𝙣𝙚𝙘𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙧𝙮.”

Earlier this year quantum entanglement was discovered to be linked to higher order cognition, and it seems like these types of new paradigms that look beyond the level of neurons may be key to progressing neuroscience to the next level.

𝗖𝘆𝘁𝗼𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴: 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗱𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗽𝘁 𝗻𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 “𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗲” 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻’𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗿𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲

2. Leveraging Quantum Biological Tunneling in Brain Cells

A paper published in Nature Nanotechnology suggests a new health treatment paradigm via manipulation of quantum biological tunneling in brain cells to treat glioblastoma cancer.

The researchers developed their technique based on prior evidence that quantum mechanical events play a crucial role in specific biological processes that underlie the functioning of organisms. The method involves delivering gold bipolar nanoelectrodes (termed bio-nanoantennae) sprayed onto a surgical treatment section.

A precise electrical field is then applied which specifically targets and stimulates the electric fields of individual tumor cells. This causes a single electron to be transferred via manipulation of electron tunneling, which alters the cell's protein state - a phenomenon known as Quantum Biological Electron Transfer (QBET).

This in turn signals the cancer cells to activate programmed cell death (apoptosis). Normal brain cells are desensitive to the electical stimulation, whereas tumor cells are extra sensitive (which the researchers postulate is due to their altered expression of genetic pathways).

Effectively this represents a wireless electrical–molecular communication tool that facilitates the killing of cancer cells. The approach is minimally invasive compared to traditional surgery, and can be used when surgery is not an option due to tumor cells being too proliferated among healthy cells.

The researchers propose that varying aspects of the electrical frequencies and voltage of the stimulation will allow different types of cancer cells to be targeted.

While the delivery method of the bio-nanoantennae to facilitate the electrical stimulation may have some limitations, this research appears to be the first demonstration of a quantum medical therapy that leverages changes in the biology of cells at a quantum level.

Though it may still be early days, study author Frankie Rawson summarized the wider significance of the findings.

“𝑨𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕-𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎 𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒔, 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒍𝒅'𝒔 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒚, 𝒖𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒏𝒆𝒘 𝒆𝒓𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒈𝒎𝒔”

𝗪𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹–𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗺 𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗽𝗼𝗽𝘁𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀

3. Using Smell as a Passive Cognitive Enhancer

A new study exploring the potential benefits of cognitive stimulation via the sense of smell reveals promising findings for functional brain benefits in aging - while sleeping!

The primary objective of the study was to investigate whether olfactory enrichment could positively impact cognitive function in healthy older adults. The researchers hypothesized that olfaction's unique access to brain regions related to memory could normalize specific memory circuits, potentially benefiting cognitive abilities.

Despite exposing participants to only a limited variety of odors during nightly sessions, the study yielded compelling results. Enriched participants exhibited a 226% improvement in performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (compared to a control group), which assesses verbal learning and memory related abilities.

More specifically pre-post DTI fRMI scans uncovered structural modifications in the brain, including positive changes in the uncinate fasciculus region, which typically deteriorates in aging and neurodegenerative conditions.

The study also revealed that smell stimulated participants between 60-72 years old experienced more pronounced cognitive improvements than their older counterparts, suggesting the benefits in aging may be best achieved proactively.

The key takeaway is that it may be possible to safely and accessibly improve brain health and cognitive functioning in ways that are relevant for aging populations, by leveraging passive sensory stimulation.

𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗼𝗹𝗳𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗲𝗻𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗲𝘀 𝗺𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘂𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗳𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗱𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘀

4. StimNETS - a Breakthrough in Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation has shown much therapeutic promise, but significant barriers include the invasive nature of the implanted electrodes, as well as their lack of precision over what neurons they excite. A major breakthrough has been published in Cell Reports, with the engineering of ultraflexible stim-nanoelectronic threads (StimNETs).

This new type of electrodes are an order of magnitude smaller than traditional implants, and accordingly, far more precise. The paper shows experimental evidence in rats and first stage human trials that StimNETs possess several key advantages.

• Ultraflexible electrode capable of precise chronic stimulation

• Spatially selective neural activation at a ultra low currents

• Stable behavioral detectability for over 8 months

• Intact tissue-electrode interface with no neuronal degeneration

In particular, rather than activating large clusters of neurons, StimNETs can selectively stimulate individual neurons. This is a little bit like needing to get a message to a person in a crowded room, and being able to do it via a phone call instead of a loudspeaker.

As well as showing great promise for making deep brain stimulation practical, the selective precision of this neurotech will allow researchers to learn much more accurately which types of electrical stimulation are helpful for specific neurological conditions.

𝗟𝗼𝘄-𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱, 𝗵𝗶𝗴𝗵-𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗰𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗺𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗯𝘆 𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗳𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀

In a related 2023 neuroscience breakthrough, for the first time deep brain stimulation has demonstrated promising effects for alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. To be efficacous pinpoint precision of the placement of electrodes is required, and it is difficult know exactly which areas of the brain to focus the stimulation on with different brain diseases.

Research affiliates of Harvard Medical School specialized in analyzing high-resolution magnetic resonance images of the brain, combined their approach with computer models which successfully identified precise optimal locations for stimulation. This precise 'sweet spot' between intersecting memory regions resulted in participants benefitting considerable reductions in symptoms.

Further clinical studies are needed before DBS can be approved for treatment, but the publicly available data in the study now makes it possible for researchers to place electrodes with precision in neurosurgical studies trialing DBS in Alzheimer’s patients.

𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗲𝗲𝗽 𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗺𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗻𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗺𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗻𝗶𝘅 𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝗹𝘇𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗲

5. Merging Tardigrade Genes into Human Cells Via CRISPR

A team of military medical scientists in China reported findings of successfully used CRISPR/Cas9 to insert a gene from tardigrades into human embryonic stem cells, dramatically increasing their resistance to radiation.

The tardigrade (AKA water bear) is less than 1 millimetre long and is the hardiest creature on Earth. Over years of scientific testing, it has survived outer space, -200 degrees Celsius, and more than an hour in boiling water.

The researchers reported that almost 90% of the human embryonic cells survived a lethal exposure to X-ray radiation. The results are very surprising, given that mixing between such a large genetic gap typically leads to only harmful mutations, and potentially demonstrates the power of CRISPR to go beyond traditional genetic experiments.

Although technically legal through the use of artificially created stem cells, the research is also highly controversial - the long term goal is to develop super-tough soldiers who could survive nuclear fallout. One of the team's future projects is to turn the tardigrade infused cells into blood-making cells, so they can be inserted into bone marrow to generate new radiation resistance cells.

On the flip side, the tardigrade's genes could bring other benefits to humans as well, such as playing a protective role in cellular DNA against oxidative stress, which is central to the development of many diseases, including cancer, aging, diabetes, inflammation, and Parkinson’s disease.

Scientists Put Tardigrade DNA Into Human Stem Cells

6. Deep Learning Techniques Dramatically Increase the Resolution of MRI Scans

A team of researchers at Osaka University has developed a groundbreaking technique that can create super-resolution images of cells and tissues using artificial intelligence (AI). The team used Stable Diffusion to analyse the brain scans of test subjects shown up to 10,000 images while inside an MRI machine.

The new method, called "Deep-Z," uses deep learning algorithms to extract detailed information from low-resolution images, enabling the creation of high-resolution images with more accurate details.

This breakthrough technology has significant implications for biomedical research, as it allows scientists to study cells and tissues at an unprecedented level of detail. The team tested their method on various types of cells and tissues, including those from the brain, retina, and lung, and achieved results that were superior to existing techniques.

One of the most exciting aspects of the Deep-Z method is its potential for use in medical diagnosis and treatment. By producing high-resolution images of cells and tissues, doctors could potentially identify early-stage diseases and develop more targeted treatment plans.

This framework could also be used with brain-scanning devices other than MRI, such as EEG, or hyper-invasive technologies like the brain-computer implants being developed by Elon Musk’s Neuralink.

Overall, the Deep-Z technique is a significant step forward in the field of biomedical imaging and has the potential to revolutionize medical research and treatment.

High-Resolution Image Reconstruction With Latent Diffusion Models From Human Brain Activity

7. Xenobots?!

This year a team of biologists and computer scientists have developed self-healing biological machines less than 1mm in size, crafted from frog cells. These machines are named 'Xenobots', inspired by the minuscule African clawed frog, which is small enough to travel inside human bodies.

The technique involves scraping and then incubating living stem cells from frog embryos, then reshaping them into specific body forms designed by machine intelligence. Cell differentiation leads to the formation of celia, hairlight projections which are utilized like legs to provide a biologically novel method of locomotion.

It's still early days, but Xenobots are the world's first living robot that is also programmable. Recent progress has also included being able to replicate them to make the process more scalable.

Some of the expected applications of Xenobots include highly specific and precise drug delivery, treatment of localized diseases such as the removal of cancer tumors, and even a scalable means to clean the world’s seas of plastics and synthetic particulates.

For a deeper dive, here is a video explanation by Sam Kriegman, a post-doctoral fellow developing AI software to guide Xenobots' behaviors.

8. First Successful Treatment of PTSD with MDMA Assisted Therapy

In recent years, the scientific community has been increasingly drawn to the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances. Among these, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), commonly known as ecstasy, has emerged as a promising candidate for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a groundbreaking clinical study published in Nature Medicine, researchers have unveiled compelling evidence that suggests MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could be a game-changer in the field of PTSD treatment.

The Phase 3 clinical trial involved giving patients with treatment resistant PTSD months of traditional psychotherapy assisted with moderate doses of MDMA. The MDMA more than doubled the effectiveness of the psychotherapy treatments, with the majority of patients becoming symptom free as well as showing continued improvements in wellbeing in the follow-up to the study.

The results overall suggest that MDMA related alterations in cognitive functions grossly enhanced the benefits of psychological therapy, both in terms of responsiveness and lasting positive effects.

MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study

9. VR Reveals The Brain's Remarkably Flexible Sense of Body Ownership

Psychophysics is a field of neuroscience devoted to understanding how the human brain processes its sensory reality. Two of the biggest and most surprising discoveries of 2023 were achieved with virtual reality (VR) experiments.

The first study discovered a new experiential phenomenon named 'The Phantom Touch Illusion'. This used simple avatar representations of people within VR then asked participants to touch different parts of their avatar's body with a virtual stick. In the experiment participants were not actually touched on any parts of their physical body, however almost all reported strong tactile feelings corresponding to where they touched their avatar. The effects were strong enough that some of the people in the study believing the researchers were trying to trick them and were actually using some form of real tactile stimulation.

Most strikingly, the sensations occurred when subjects touched parts of their avatars limbs even when they couldn't actually see them in VR. This suggests that the representation of one's body is defined top-down, extending beyond available sensory information.

Phantom touch illusion, an unexpected phenomenological effect of tactile gating in the absence of tactile stimulation

The second study by Swedish psychophysicists conducted VR experiments demonstrating that, even with minimal sensory cues, our minds can take over ownership of a different body.

Using VR they manipulated study participants' visual perspective to be from a another person, or a fake body. This was done in sync with correlated multisensory cues. The experiment was sufficient to trigger the illusion that another person's body,or an artificial body, was the participants’ own real body.

In the researchers' own words, ''𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗲𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝘀𝗼 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻'𝘀 𝗯𝗼𝗱𝘆 𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗳𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗯𝗼𝗱𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗶𝘁. 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗰𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗲𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗼𝘄𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗼𝗳 𝗼𝗻𝗲'𝘀 𝗯𝗼𝗱𝘆.''

These effects were confirmed through both structured subjective reports and detailed biometric analysis.

‍If I Were You: Perceptual Illusion of Body Swapping

Together these findings are valuable scientific insights regarding how our brains make sense of our worlds, however they also have large implications for the rapidly growing VR entertainment industry, promising new ways to achieve next-level immersive experiences.

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Here I’d like to share our PAC Development Center story of using neurotechnologies to improve human performance. We believe there is great untapped potential when applied with an integrated mental training approach. We've discovered broad applications emerging out of our work with athletes.

The Founding of PAC Development Center

Our methodology was born out of COVID, starting as a solution for athletes who could no longer get access to gyms and sports facilities. We knew this was particularly challenging for ice hockey players, so we chose this time to launch a company focused on supporting our Canadian national sport.

We founded the PAC Development Center as three entrepreneurs with a passion for sports technology and a love of improving human performance. Between us we have a great spectrum of complementary expertise in domains such as physical training, mental coaching, nutrition, performance preparation and even meditation. We’ve found these synergize really well with some amazing results for improving mind, body and soul.

Training Like a Pro

Focused on innovative performance solutions we were the first company in Quebec to implement a cognitive training platform called Sense Arena, which we thought was ahead of its time and a nice way to build up skills of the mental side of the game.

That was three years ago. Now the technology is an official cognitive platform for the National Hockey League and as well as Hockey USA, which is great validation that we started out on the right track. It also became a motivational bonus for the young athletes we focused on, knowing they training like pro athletes at the highest levels.

At the same time, although it was great to establish this type training for hockey players, we wanted to expand our services for other sports, as well as the general population.

Discovering 3D Multiple Object Tracking

For this reason we did global research into other cognitive platforms anywhere there might be a potential fit. Throughout this search the neurotechnology that kept showing up and came across as the most trusted was NeuroTracker.

So we started digging into what the benefits are and who can use it, and for us it checked lots of boxes like scientific validation. So it was total ‘Yes let's do it!’

In Quebec we have a special kind of pride, so we love how NeuroTracker is an innovation born out of Montreal - the best cognitive platform in the world right on our doorstep!

Putting NeuroTracker to Use

We first implemented this neurotechnology with Atanukan student athletes in Manikanetish School. We had an ongoing sports contract and put NeuroTracker through it paces with ice hockey, volleyball, badminton, track and field, as well as for music. The adoption was a great success, with many athletes making their new cognitive training part of their daily routine.

It was received so well that the school wanted to extend the training program across the whole school to assist with academic performance, and also to get students motivated by giving them access to what the athletes were receiving.

Moving Beyond Sports

We realized athletes are motivated in different ways to teenage students, and in the digital age there is a kind of fast-food culture where what is cool today is forgotten tomorrow. We realized that keeping students motivated like athletes would require going the extra motivational mile.

Our solution to keep them engaged was to bring in a competitive element, so we put on school wide contests on a monthly basis. This wasn’t just about who could get the highest scores, but also for students who achieved the greatest improvements – which is the most important part.

We also wanted it to be inclusive and help commitment, so our idea was to take a lottery style approach. In this way students earned tickets with a chance to win based on how many sessions they complete – the more training completed, the better the chances.

Fortunately a Quebec mining company loved our work and kindly sponsored our competition. This allowed us to award attractive prizes like $125 gift certificates.

Lastly we used social media to highlight our top 5 students' successes each week to give them a morale boost.

From Success to Success

The program went from success to success, and the impact on the school was very positive. The students were happy and the teachers reported clear differences in student focus from the training effects. Their students were more calm in class, more focused, and the students themselves also felt a real benefit from what they were doing, alongside seeing their NeuroTracker performance go up and up.

Also it was noticed that there were benefits for the students specifically after completing NeuroTracker sessions, with more focus, less fatigue and better concentration.

The wonderful thing about these results is that it impressed the mining company, who saw all the positive feedback and are keen to keep sponsoring the program. This is allowing us to extend the program to three other schools in the community.

Upwards and Onwards

With a successful track record it becomes easier to now venture into new domains, and we have now caught the attention of our local government, who have been impressed with what we’re developing. This includes the evolution and launch of our new app to have our different training systems accessible and monitored in a single ecosystem, as well as being used as an educational platform.

Our goal going forward is to expand our services into industry and government, which is a pretty broad portfolio for cognitive training, but we believe there is a valuable untapped fit. For example we’re in talks with first responders, police officers, and firefighters, who all have to operate under high cognitive loads.

We’re proud that our PAC Development Center started off just a few years ago as a COVID support project, yet is rapidly blossoming and the future looks very positive!

If you’re interesting to learn more about our work then check out our website here.

PAC Development Center

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Although I'm only 11 years old, I've been playing golf competitively for over 6 years. This has been in a way that focuses on the mental side of the sport. Here I'd like to cover what I've learned through sports psychology and using neurotechnology, and that golf is 90% mental. It's possible to train and practice in these areas for better sports performance.

Starting Young

I've been playing since the age of three since my dad got me some golf clubs, so I’ve practicing since I was practically in diapers! My first entry into a golf swing competition was at 4 years old where I came second based on technique analysis for the best Peewee Golf Swing of the world judged by Jack Nicolaus. Then just before 9 years old I entered a team and started to play competitive matches on my home golf course, which was followed by playing for club teams.

My first major success was at six years old when I won the junior African challenge, which was an international event I played. Luckily it was when it was hosted in my home country South Africa for the first time, and I went on to win three years in a row.

I would say that even early on I had a mindset difference to the other players, which I think my father’s mentoring helped to develop at a young age thanks to him learning sports psychology. There is a surprising amount of pressure on the golf course, and so if your mind is not strong, it becomes very difficult to focus and develop as a player.

Sometimes you win, or you sometimes lose and it’s of your control. However, you can still control your emotions like anger or disappointment. There's always bigger tournaments and bigger things in life to look to, so refocusing perspective is all part of the game.

For me this also includes balancing golf with school life, for example I don’t play when I have exams, and if I get a big win and my classmates get super hyped I know I need to manage my emotions in terms of the overall picture.

Stepping-up My Game With NeuroTracker

Initially my dad found and introduced me to NeuroTracker in 2020, and I was like ‘okay?’ But then we set it up on our TV. When I tried it I got really interested in the challenge of it when the speed went up high. Which I thought was cool.

Off-the-bat it got me aware of how my brain performs and curious where it could go. I started using NeuroTracker as part of my daily training before my golf practice sessions. It was different to my other training as it was more like a video game, yet I saw how useful it could be for my golfing and academics, and I found that fun. It got me focused quickly like a pre warm-up for your brain, I used it before a golfing tournament and before exams.

In terms of the training effects I first noticed an increased awareness of my surroundings when playing. Then I saw that I could target holes on the course with more precision, and that I started to rarely ever miss landing the ball on the greens. Course management became easier as my focus was on the task and limited distractions.

I also noticed short term benefits of getting into a game mindset, so I started to use it to get my mind focused before a game. Or to help me refocus if I felt like my head wasn’t in a game situation, as I know it’s so important to be fully alert when the time comes to perform. This also helped me to cope with mental pressure during my competition.

The other thing is the confidence boost from realizing how much you can improve with training - the speeds I can track at now are pretty much twice as fast as the maximum I could do when I started out.

Converting Mental Training to Tournaments

As you get older obviously the number of competitors and their level of play increases so you have to continually step up your game, and overall I think NeuroTracker helped tremendously with my golf development and at school.

In terms of tournaments since training with NeuroTracker I won provincial, and national titles. I also qualified to play at the world championships in Ireland, and won the  Junior African Championships u7s, u9s and u10s for three years in a row.

From personal experience, psychology and mental training have convinced me that golf performance is 90% mental, and I can see that being the case with other sports as well. For instance in tennis, you can't lose your visual focus for a split second or you miss the ball, the same for baseball.

Focus is so important and it’s all about the brain. So actually I recommend NeuroTracker for any young athletes to help develop their mind as well as their body. It is super fun and interesting. NeuroTracker gets you focused without you even realizing it.

In recent years, hydrogen-infused water has emerged as a surprisingly accessible game-changer in the realm of health and performance. Scientific studies are shedding light on the myriad benefits associated with this enhanced modality of hydration. Here we highlight five reasons why incorporating hydrogen-infused water into your daily hydration routine could lead to significant improvements in your well-being and performance. But first, let's clarify what makes this type of water different.

What is Hydrogen-Infused Water?

Hydrogen water is simply pure water with extra molecular hydrogen molecules added to it. Originally hydrogen gas was studied as an effictive adjunct treatment modality for diseases such as cancer, then a Japanese company discovered and patented a technology solution in 2003 that allowed hydrogen molecules to be added to water in it's dissolved form. Research to date has found no significant side-effects with drinking this type of enriched water.

This is achieved through a process called water electrolysis, where hydrogen gas is bubbled into water, improving it's hydration proporties. Commercially available machines allow users to make hydrogen-infused water on demand, which work much-like using a jug kettle. Once infusion has taken place (approx. 10 minutes), it is consumed in the same way as regular water.

Hydrogen-infusion machines come in different types of sizes and varying cost, typically starting at around $50 USD for small portable versions. Pre-made hydrogen-infused water can be purchased from different vendors, but this works out much more expensive in the long run.

1. Enhanced Antioxidant Power: The Hydrogen Advantage

The human body constantly faces oxidative stress, which can lead to cell damage and aging. Hydrogen-infused water, rich in molecular hydrogen (H2), has demonstrated potent antioxidant properties. One particular study titled, 'Hydrogen-rich water reduces inflammatory responses and prevents apoptosis of peripheral blood cells in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial', published in Nature Scientific Reports, found evidence for these benefits from drinking 1.5 liters per day over 4 weeks.

- A significant increase in biological antioxidant potential.

- A reduction in a marker for DNA damage due to oxidative stress (8-Oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine).

- A significantly lower percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells apoptosis (lower death rate of blood cells).

- A statistically significant increase in the number of CD14+ cells - a protein which assists the immune system in detecting pathogens and bacterial infections.

Similar research findings indicate that molecular hydrogen may help neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and promoting overall health.

2. Improved Athletic Performance: Boosting Endurance and Recovery

For athletes and fitness enthusiasts, optimizing performance and reducing recovery time are paramount. Drinking hydrogen-infused water has been found to enhance exercise performance in several ways.

- By reducing lactate levels during intense physical exercise.

- By alleviating muscle fatigue following resistance training.

- Through positive effects on muscular capabilities.

- Through increased energy and endurance levels.

Other research has found benefits for increasing both anaerobic and aerobic performance, with findings overall presenting a promising avenue for individuals seeking to elevate their physical capabilities.

3. Brain Health: Cognitive Benefits of Hydrogen-Infused Water

Like normal water, a key advantage of molecular hydrogen is that it can naturally pass through the blood-brain barrier. Around 75% of the brain is composed from water, which plays a key part in it's maintenance. Research shows broad and robust perks for brain health from drinking hydrogen water, including these neuroprotective roles.

- Anti-oxidation.
- Anti-inflammation.
- Anti-apoptosis.
- Regulation of autophagy.
- Preservation of mitochondrial function.

As such, clinical researchers suggest it can provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for managing patients with neurodegenerative conditions in clinical settings. Long-term research is needed to investigate hydrogen-infused water can mitigate cognitive decline and support brain health over time.

Additional research has found psychological advantages, including improvements in mood, anxiety and quality of life, as well as gains in performance on neuropsychological assessments.

4. Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Alleviating Chronic Inflammation

Chronic inflammation is linked to numerous health issues, from cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune disorders. As well as reducing levels of chronic inflammation, research has found a reduction in pain levels associated with inflammation. ‍

Other research found a significantly lower expression levels of several types of cytokines associated with inflammation. By addressing inflammation at its source, this beverage could contribute to a healthier, more resilient body.

5. Metabolic Benefits: Supporting Weight Management

Poor metabolic health is associated with increased risk factors like obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. Preliminary studies indicate that hydrogen-infused water may positively influence metabolic markers, with one study showing that drinking hydrogen rich water represents a potentially novel therapeutic and preventive strategy for metabolic syndrome, improving antioxidant enzymes, good and bad cholesterol levels, and acid reactivity.

Specifically it's stimulation of metabolic energy has been found in clinical research to improve outcomes with obesity and diabetes. While more research is needed, early findings suggest that incorporating hydrogen-infused water into a balanced lifestyle may offer metabolic support, potentially aiding in weight management.

Takeaways

As scientific exploration of hydrogen-infused water continues, the evidence supporting its health and performance benefits is becoming increasingly compelling. From antioxidant power to cognitive benefits and anti-inflammatory properties, hydrogen-infused water could be a promising addition to a holistic approach to health and well-being.

Alongside the wide spectrum of health and performance benefits are the negligible risks of side effects, ease of access and consumption, and the low costs of making hydrogen from the comfort of your own home.

For several decades the high-fidelity simulation realm of virtual reality (VR) has been the go-to tool for pyschophysicists and neuroscientists trying to uncover the mysteries of sensory processing and human perception. Researchers using VR have made a new discovery somewhat poetically called the "Phantom Touch Illusion" (PTI). In effect they have demonstrated that it is possible to feel real physical sensations based on how virtual elements interact. Here we’ll highlight the study findings and shed some light on the intricate workings of multisensory representation.

The Phantom Touch Illusion

Inspired by the notion that you cannot tickle yourself due to tactile gating, German scientists at Ruhr-UniversityBochum employed immersive VR scenarios to investigate if seeing avatar representations of people could stimulate real physical sensations when asking them to touch parts of the avatar's body with a virtual stick.

Unexpectedly most participants reported a strong sensation manifested as a tingling or static feeling, akin to wind passing through the hand, corresponding to the specific location touched on the virtual body.

The intensity of the effects varied,with some of the people in the study believing the researchers were trying to trick them and were actually using some form of real tactile stimulation.

Surprising Non-Visual Effects

The study involved 36 subjects, with all but four reporting the PTI when using a virtual stick on their hands. Most strikingly, the sensation occurred even when subjects touched non-visible parts of their limbs. This finding suggests that the representation of one's body is defined top-down, extending beyond available sensory information.

The findings are distinct from the famous 'Rubber HandIllusion', which although equally fascinating, is an embodiment illusion, meaning people can perceive things not part of their own body to feel like their own body. However this relies on real tactile stimulation in order to induce the effect.

Implications for VR and the Brain

The discovery of the PTI alongside the Rubber Hand Illusion deepens our understanding of just how incredibly flexible the human mind is in how it determines the boundaries of physical and metaphysical perception. As researchers have established, this only occurs under very specific perceptual conditions which essentially 'make sense' to the brain.

A key point here is that VR technologies are ideal methods to simulate these types of powerful illusions and they are becoming increasingly sophisticated and affordable. High-fidelity virtual simulations today can be achieved with all-in-one VR headsets for as a little as $300, whereas 15 years ago the same level of simulation cost more inthe realm of $3m, and required serious technical expertise.

This makes replicating such studies or delving into more exploratory research in this domain highly accessible for neuroscientists, as well as having increasing relevance due to the public rise in adoption of VR for entertainment.

Implications for VR Entertainment

Although VR hardware technology has reached maturity in recent years, VR software development still has a long way to go, particularly as neuroscience expertise is required to design truly immersive simulations.

The fact that powerful physical illusions can be triggered with this form of technology means that VR has the potential to deliver next-level immersive experiences. For example imagine playing an avatar-based game and feeling physical sensations emanating from within the game world.

Takeaway

The Phantom Touch Illusion brings the discovery that human tactile perception occurs via top-down modulation of the somatosensory cortex through a very flexible body schema. It reveals anexciting new dimension in the immersive world of virtual reality, demonstrating much broader conceptions about self-touch and sensory perception in general.

Open-access study in Nature ScientificReports:

'Phantom touchillusion, an unexpected phenomenological effect of tactile gating in theabsence of tactile stimulation'

Artur Pilacinski, Marita Metzler &Christian Klaes.

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When anyone has mental health problems they cannot live their full potential, and I’ve seen first-hand that some conditions are like having a life taken away from you, especially when symptoms are full blown. ADHD is a mental health condition that is surprisingly common in younger people and can deeply affect quality of life when severe and untreated, as well as involve other mental and physical health conditions. Here I’d like to share insights on what I found in my clinical practice to be a breakthrough approach to ADHD therapy, which can help those suffering to achieve a meaningful and successful life.

Health and Wellbeing from a Brain Perspective

From day one my interest in health has been focused on the brain.

My interest stems from my whole family having ADHD. You can imagine the chaos! Personally I had constant concentration issues, yet would obsessively over-think things that were not important. This made stress management with my family a huge challenge, and the day-to-day unpredictability meant I couldn't really plan my life at all.

Fortunately, this originally got me into Neurofeedback in order manage my own stress, and from that point on I was interested to learn medicine alongside how new technologies can help brain conditions as well as for performing better in daily life.

From neurofeedback I went on to study natural medicine from the perspective of helping to regulate brain chemistry. Then I studied medical grade bioscanning methods, and continue to develop novel yet effective treatment methods that work best when they are combined together.

Starting Professional Practice

From my own difficulties leading to finding solutions that worked, I began to realize there was something important I can offer from what I learned and applied. I felt compelled to share it and dedicate my professional life in this area.

I started my first clinic in 2006 as a biofeedback specialist with a focus on solutions that help with depression, anxiety, ADHD and mental health conditions such as trauma. However I realized that biofeedback has limitations, principally because it's a subtle technique that takes time to build-up for these types of treatments.

This led me on the path to developing a health optimizing clinic progressively combining the different methods I outlined. So I made investments to do advanced medical studies at leading institutions in Germany and Switzerland over 7 years, and became a doctor of natural medicine and also a functional nutritionist, bringing in the dimensions of physiology and brain chemistry.

I learned to incorporate the latest methods such as laser stimulation and electromagnetic treatments to improve cell regulation and the capacity of cells to actually absorb nutrients put into the system, which naturally went hand-in-hand with nutritional management.

A Brain Journey

This journey of my constantly evolving my clinical practice is a progressive kind of endless learning, partly because science and technology are always developing, so you never stand still. It's also very brain focused, because the brain along with the central nervous system regulates almost everything in the body. Brain functioning in itself is complex, because it is so important to approach mental conditions from both the psychological and the cognitive dimensions of wellbeing.

For example, if brainwaves are out of sync even when someone gets a full night sleep, they don't get adequate restoration and cellular repair, which leads to compensation in the daytime. Over time this causes mental fatigue, which is only made worse when trying to overcome it with mental effort.

Research shows that this can progress to a feeling of helplessness, because when a person tries therapy and it doesn’t work, they then try even harder and it still doesn't work. Then if nothing feels like it working over time it can lead to depression due to lack of hope.

Discovering The Therapeutic Power of NeuroTracker

When I first came across NeuroTracker in my constant search for emerging neurotechnologies, I was already confident it would be valuable simply because it had scientific backing the likes I’d never seen with any other therapy tool. In fact I was shocked - how can one company have this much independently validated research?

I got to discover how valuable a therapy it really is because I had already experienced a very severe traumatic brain injury. I was crossing the road one day and a truck ran through a red light and hit me from behind.

Determined to get better I worked with 11 doctors and two neurologists in Canada that I put faith into. But after a year and a half there was no progress and no solution they could offer, other than simply waiting for the injury to heal. In the end I felt devastated, but this eventually convinced me I need to take recovery into my own hands because conventional medical treatment simply had nothing left to offer.

It was then that my experience of using NeuroTracker stood out as very different to all the other things I’d come across. In the beginning I could only manage small amounts of training because of my cognitive symptoms, just one 6-minute session every other day.

A week later I realized that my eye movement was smoother for sure. Then I felt my brain a little sharper. Then my mobility and my hand-eye coordination problems improved – for example I was able to use a knife again while eating within 2 weeks of training. And overall my motor control continued to get better over time, along with reduced visual and cognitive fatigue.

I also noticed the rising increase in brain performance with Neurofeedback, which it worked well synergistically with, so I began to integrate it with patients as well as for myself.

For me it was a great discovery, not just because it helped me finally begin the path to recovery, but because it was a role model therapy for what my clinical practice is all about, and it fit perfectly with my quest to develop the best treatment possible for ADHD patients through a specialized clinic.

The Breakthrough ADHD Center Method

Our approach at the ADHD Breakthrough Center is based around the goal of offering patients comprehensive therapy by first assessing their needs across a wide spectrum. We believe it is essentially to genuinely try and understand the patients’ real challenges and provide multiple solutions.

Perhaps one aspect which makes us most different from other services is what we call our assessment of each person’s ‘Unique Brain Code’.

Principally this allows us to move past the sometimes linear focus on attention deficit and hyper-impulsivity. Because in reality the latest research shows that ADHD is typically comorbid with many other neuropsychological, behavioral and even physiological conditions, that often get overlooked. Yet these critically need to be addressed to help patients get lifelong benefits from therapeutic interventions.

For example, I see ADHD clients that have specific problems with grammatical reasoning, or spatial awareness. Sometimes they actually have an unresolved post-concussion issue, or severe allergies because of impaired immune system. Or it maybe that they have some form of parasitic infections, or simply that their oxygen levels are really low. Then there are more common issues like associated anxiety, depression and trauma, which can be bigger problems in their own right.

So the norm is actually quite complex, but fundamental to understand at the outset. This is why we always start with a comprehensive multidimensional assessment of holistic cognitive functions and physiological health.

From this we determine our Unique Brain Code to work from, why I believe is a key difference in the success of our applied range of therapies.

Here is an overview of our assessment approach, along with the therapies we mix and matched according to our clients needs and their realistic budgets.

Unique Brain Code Assessment

• Get a complete picture of disease history.

• Full mental health examination

• Comprehensive cognitive assessment.

• Bioscan assessment to understand biochemistry composition

• Functional brain wave assessment

• Focused examination of cognitive deficits

Therapeutic Interventions

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

• Mental health counseling

• Cognitive training for strengthening mental performance and CNS functioning

• Specific skill building for cognitive deficits

• Neurofeedback to normalize and optimize brain wave frequencies

• Nutritional management

• Natural medicine

The goal is consolidating everything we learn into the therapeutic aspects into one integrated approach, with brain health at the center.

Charles - ADHD Breakthrough Center Case Report

A nice example of our treatment approach was with a 12 years old gifted ADHD child that we’ll call Charles.

Charles’ mother brought him for therapy after he was almost expelled from school, labeled as defiant. He was very easily distracted, had a very short attention span, but with hyper focus on certain things he was especially interested in.

Overall Charles was a highly sensitive child with a lot of control and mood issues, escalating anger problems accompanied with meltdowns, severe digestion problems with high susceptibility to getting flus, and major insomnia since infancy. He also had movement and coordination problems, for instance being unable to play any kind of ball game because he couldn't catch the ball.

So once we did a thorough assessment of his Unique Brain Code. One thing that stood out from the beginning was he that had a the profile of a very gifted child, which had not been recognized by anyone other than by his mother.

We also found that Charles experienced extreme sensory overload - seeing, hearing and feeling everything without being able to filter.

We determined that the core treatment modalities to deal with his condition was Neurofeedback and NeuroTracker training, cognitive behavioral therapy and nutritional management to improve digestion.

Additional family counseling was recommended, especially around the need to understand how to talk to Charles based on a deeper understanding of what his real problems were.

With this treatment program we saw a spectrum of benefits emerge over different timescales.

• First we saw movement and coordination gains after 3 weeks of NeuroTracker training. Walking and gait improved noticeably, and Charles could now play games catching balls with his father, which was a lot of fun for both of them.

• His digestion was improved by around 80 percent within four weeks of the new dietary program.

• Within six weeks Charles’ attention was improved by over 50%. Cognitively his concentration levels and academic performance improved continuously, along with increased psychological energy.

• Within three months his hidden leadership abilities started to emerge, and he was able to differentiate himself from others in terms of his talents. Perhaps most importantly he was able to share the perspective references of other people, and interpret them without distortion.

Overall, there were large objective and subjective improvements in assessments of Charles’ movement, mood, confidence, self-esteem, communication and social skills, academic performance and general health.

Fast forward about a year later and Charles was actually achieving straight A's at school and getting offers from prestigious schools!

This was one case where the mother was extremely happy with the transformation, she reported often crying tears of happiness and relief when he came home from school, no longer having to worry about the stress of meltdowns.

What we learned in Charles’ case was how important it was to deeply understand the complexity of his physiological, cognitive, psychological and social challenges, in order to apply appropriate treatments to unlock a trapped child. This is our commitment to all our patients and their families that we help.

Going Forward

Science and technology are continuously changing the face of medicine. On one hand there is the path to explore new technologies to kind of branch out, on the other hand there is a lot of value still to gain in consolidating and better integrating how existing therapies are applied. For example, with NeuroTracker I see strong potential as functional biomarker or brain health, which is why we’ve started using it as our one of our baselines.

Then also continuing to solve two key problems, which is one, that different medical disciplines tend not to work well together, and two, oversimplification of medical issues and respective solutions. This is a key factor in how we are evolving our Unique Brain Code approach, we desperately want to avoid guesstimating, and instead be able to effectively focus on precise medical solutions for each patient we help.

It’s an continuous journey to discover more, know more in practice, and be more precise in terms of treatments.

If you are interested to learn more how our integrated services and remote therapies can help you or you family, then visit our website where you can take an ADHD survey and book a free discovery call with me.

Breakthrough ADHD Center

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In the realm of consciousness exploration and mental health treatment, psychedelics have emerged as a promising frontier. These mind-altering substances have captured the attention of therapists and the public, with an explosion of neuroscience research being published in recent years. Their potential benefits show promise of a new renaissance for assisting psychotherapy treatments. When used under clinically controlled settings the benefits can be dramatic, however there are significant complexities to navigate for successful treatment, in terms of dosages, frequency, varying responses across different individuals, and the types of conditions they can be used for.

Here we'll take a quick dive into the main types of psychedelics and briefly highlight their respective therapeutic properties.

Highlights of 6 Types of Therapeutic Psychedelics

1. Psilocybin

Psilocybin, the active compound found in certain species of magic mushrooms, has gained prominence in recent years due to its potential therapeutic benefits. Research indicates that psilocybin can be effective in treating conditions like depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It does so by promoting introspection and facilitating profound emotional processing.

Additionally, psilocybin is an unusual psychedelic due to its effects in reducing inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in both the brain and body. In this light it can be an effective treatment to reduce chronic inflammation symptoms associated with many different types of diseases.

2. LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)

LSD, the iconic psychedelic synthesized from ergot fungus, is renowned for its ability to induce altered states of consciousness. In therapeutic settings, LSD can assist in the treatment of addiction, anxiety, and depression.

It promotes ego dissolution and enhanced perception, allowing individuals to confront and reevaluate their issues in a new light.

3. DMT (Dimethyltryptamine)

DMT, the active component in ayahuasca and other plant-based brews, offers a short but intense psychedelic journey. It is reported to provide insight into one's life, relationships, and sense of purpose.

DMT has shown potential in addressing addiction and depression, offering an opportunity to transcend one's current reality and explore inner landscapes.

4. MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

While MDMA is not a classic psychedelic, its empathogenic properties make it an essential part of the therapeutic landscape.

Often used in the treatment of PTSD, trauma, and relationship issues, MDMA facilitates emotional openness, empathy, and trust, allowing patients to explore their emotions in a safe and supportive environment.

5. Ketamine

Ketamine, initially known as an anesthetic, has garnered attention for its fast-acting antidepressant properties. When administered in a controlled clinical setting, it can provide relief from treatment-resistant depression and suicidal ideation.

Ketamine offers rapid and profound relief, often within hours of treatment.

6. Ibogaine

Ibogaine, derived from the iboga plant, is an atypical psychedelic with potential for addiction interruption. It is used in addiction treatment, especially for opioid dependency, by providing introspection and insight into one's patterns and behaviors.

The therapeutic process can be physically and emotionally demanding but has shown promise in breaking the cycle of addiction.

Conclusion

The therapeutic potential of psychedelics has made significant inroads into modern medicine and mental health treatment. Research continues to uncover their efficacy in treating a range of mental health issues, offering new hope for individuals who have struggled with traditional therapies. However, these substances must need to be used responsibly in controlled environments under the guidance of trained professionals to be efficacious.

As our understanding of psychedelics deepens, they may play an increasingly pivotal role in shaping the future of mental health care, offering new paths to healing and self-discovery.

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NeuroTracker is a very simple yet surprisingly challenging cognitive exercise. Over 100 independently published studies have shown it to be remarkably effective for assessing cognitive abilities and improving them through training. For example, one meta-review of 1600+ studies deemed NeuroTracker to be the only cognitive training technique that achieved reliable far transfer effects in elite athletic performance. Another study showed that just 90 minutes of training significantly improved fine motor skills in elderlies with cognitive impairments. Which leaves the elephant in the room question - how can watching balls bouncing around a screen be such an effective technique? To answer that question, let's take a look under the hood of the Core NeuroTracker exercise, and in the process reveal the scientific design that emerged out of 25+ years of psychophysics research at the Faubert Lab in the University of Montreal.

Introducing the Exercise

For those that are not already familiar, NeuroTracker is a 3D multiple object tracking exercise that challenges users to mentally follow a number of targets moving dynamically in 3D space amid distractors. A session comprises 20 trials, or mini-tests, and takes about 6 minutes to complete. Depending on whether the user succeeds or fails at accurately tracking and then identify the targets, the speed of the trials adjusts based on an algorithm that pushes each person near their own upper limits. The speeds achieved at key points in the session is then used to calculate the session score, aptly named a 'speed threshold'.

Here is a short video intro to the exercise.

NeuroTracker's Unique Characteristics

So, although it looks like a case of simply tracking bouncing balls, there are 5 aspects to the design of this exercise that cause it to elicit the integrated use of many different cognitive systems in the brain, all at the same time. Let's check them out.

1. Stereo 3D

Technically termed 'binocular stereo 3D', the brain uses the difference in perspective between each eye and effectively applies trigonometry to accurately judge depth and the distances of objects, as well as the relative velocity of objects moving away or towards us. This is the true heavy lifting performed by the visual cortex, and accordingly is always the last aspect of vision to be processed.

Simulation of the same 3D cognitive systems we use in the real world is done by wearing NeuroTracker anaglyph 3D glasses with a standard computer, TV or tablet display, or via a dedicated 3D display such as a 3D projector or a VR head mounted display such as the Meta Quest. The stimulation of this type of 3D is key for a few reasons.

- It is ecologically relevant because we rely on binocular 3D heavily in our daily lives, particularly in sports (just try catching a ball with one eye closed).

- As it is a high-level visual system, it is believed to be important in stimulating multiple brain regions outside the visual cortex, potentially including decision-making abilities in the frontal lobes (indicated with NeuroTracker qEEG research).

- Living in the digital age we likely greatly underutilize binocular 3D due to extensive amounts of time acutely focused on 2D displays like smartphones, TVs and personal computers. Due to the nature of neuroplasticity, cognitive systems under-utilized tend to become weaker over time, often summed up as 'use it or lose it'. For children and youth whose brains are very much still going through neurodevelopment, this may be especially important in terms of long term effects. Preliminary research with NeuroTracker shows that youngsters have lower binocular 3D abilities, compared to adults.

2. Wide Field of View

When we focus our visual attention on our peripheral view visual processing demands are heightened, causing a greater number of neurons to become activated. Compared to our hunter-gather ancestors, our peripheral vision is much less taxed in modern times, for example it is needed very little when indoors. However peripheral vision is really important when it comes to navigating complex outside spaces, such as when driving a car, riding a bike, walking in busy places, or playing team sports.

Training with a wide field of view with NeuroTracker provides a demanding form of mental exercise and can improve peripheral vision abilities for real-world needs.

3. Speed Thresholds

As we mentioned earlier, NeuroTracker adaptively adjusts the speed processing demands of the task to each person's limits - a patented 'secret sauce'. This aspect is critical for optimizing the learning benefits of training, which is exceedingly efficient with dozens of studies showing 3 hours or less of distributed training provides robust cognitive benefits. For instance a soccer study showed that this amount training reduced passing decision-making errors in competitive play by nearly 40%!

The efficiency of this training transfer is superior to any other cognitive technique in the scientific literature. It also boosts motivation to train, as most people experience large increases in their tracking speed with training over time.

4. Multiple Object Tracking

As you may have noticed from the video demo above, it is surprisingly difficult to visually track more than thing at once. From a neuroscience perspective this referred to as divided or distributed attention. Attention is a shared resource in the brain for all kinds of sensory processing and thought processes. It is also unexpectedly limited in terms of bandwidth when it is divided.

For example studies show that when people are asked to count down from 100 in 7s while walking down the street, they almost always stop walking. This is because the attentional resources used in walking are shared with resources used for arithmetic. By challenging ourselves at the upper limits of divided attention we can cause numerous systems in the brain to be co-activated. As such the demands of multiple object tracking are a central factor in the far transfer effects of NeuroTracker training.

5. Visual Pivot Training

In the center of the NeuroTracker exercise environment there is a small dot, called a visual pivot. This provides a focal anchor point to keep the eyes calmly centered while distributing visual attention to the periphery. Sometimes referred to as the 'quiet eye' technique in pro sports, this is a training technique established in sports science research as useful to help people consciously guide their visual attention in an optimal way.

The key is simply moving the eyes less, so that deeper visual processing of scenes can occur. This is partly because when our eyes move around rapidly our vision becomes blurred, and accordingly the visual centers of the brain temporarily shut down. Once this visual pivot technique is practiced in a structured way it can enhance the amount of visual information we can process at any given moment, increasing our situational awareness.

Takeaway

Hopefully you've learned that NeuroTracker has a lot more under the hood than what appears on the surface. It's unique combination of 5 different science-based design features allow it to be extremely accessible, yet highly challenging. It also makes this type of exercise very effective for measuring and improving high-level cognitive abilities that we heavily rely on in many different types of real-world performance.

New to NeuroTracker and interested in checking out the product? You can sign up below to start your path to improvement today.

For Business use

For Personal use

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In recent years the NeuroTracker community has been growing from strength to strength, as well as in diversity. With a plethora of feedback in human performance and wellness fields like sports, eSports, education, military, rehabilitation, neurovision, trading, and neuroscience research, there is a lot to share. Here is a selection of the NeuroTracker team's favorite quotes and insights from leaders who apply the neurotechnology in their respective fields of expertise. Alongside the quotes there are also blogs, videos and podcasts that the experts have generously volunteered to contributed - so feel free to dive deeper!

1. ‘‘By merging scientific and industry-specific expertise, NeuroTracker sets the digital health standards for other companies to follow.’’

Professor Jocelyn Faubert, Director of the Faubert Lab at the University of Montreal.

Experts Corner Blog: Q&A with Professor Faubert on the Future of Digital Health

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2. “It’s been incredibly uplifting to see in just 20 minutes NeuroTracker training a week, we’re getting some really, really positive results with students.”

Dr. Armando Bertone, Perceptual Neuroscience Lab, McGill University

Video interview: NeuroTracker Testimonials - Education‍

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3. ‘‘To become great, players need to evolve through advanced training. Which is why I’ve now coached over 15,000 sessions of NeuroTracker.’’

Mick Clegg, former Manchester United Coach, Founder of Seed of Speed.

Experts Corner Blog: Brain Holds Key to Performance Edge in Elite Sports

4. ‘‘As a tactical commander NeuroTracker was a solution to support my brain and mental health. As a venture capitalist now I use it to keep me at the top of the game.’’

Glenn Cowan, Former Canadian Special Forces Command and Venture Capitalist

Video interview: NeuroTracker Testimonials - Military‍

5. ‘‘Our data showed that athletes who trained the most on NeuroTracker were the best decision-makers on the ice. You can’t provide better evidence than that.’’

Dr. Leonard Zaichkowsky, Former Director of Sports Science for the Vancouver Canucks

Experts Corner Blog: The Perceptual-Cognitive Domain - a New Paradigm for Sports Performance‍

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6. ‘‘NeuroTrackerX has revolutionized Thrive Neurosport’s hybrid model of care to serve clients better remotely.’’

Katie Mitchell, neuroscientists and Founder Owner of Thrive Neurosport

Experts Corner Blog: Why NeuroTracker Remote Training is a Game Changer

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7. ‘‘This neurotechnology is an epic way to prime our brains, vision, bodies into an optimal state of flow.’’

Rob Gronbeck, Flow Genome Project Alumni and founder of the Brain Room

Experts Corner Blog: The Art of Achieving Flow With NeuroTracker - Part 1‍

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8. ‘‘A NeuroTracker session primes the neural networks for mental performance readiness like warming up and stretching does for physical readiness.’’

Brigadier General Pete Palmer, U.S. Army (retired), National-level vice-chair for the National Defense Industrial Association-Human Systems Division

Experts Corner Blog: Assessing the Cognitive Operational Readiness of Military Personnel‍

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9. ‘‘With over 20 years of research behind it NeuroTracker is one of the most advanced systems of its kind in the world.’’

Kate Allgood, Author of Get Into The Zone, Founder of Quantum Performance

Experts Corner Blog: Improving Performance with Better Attention‍

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10. ‘‘Athletes can use NeuroTracker while they’re injured, to keep their brain’s in shape and get back up to game speed.’’

Josh Freedland, Founder of Brain and Body Performance

Experts Corner Blog: How Athletes Keep their Brains in Shape‍

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11. ‘‘Everybody could benefit from this technology, because it really is working on enhancing skills to perform at a higher level.’’

Dr. Jessica Licausi, O.D., F.A.A.O., Doctor at Twin Forks Optometry, Host of Vision is More Than 20/20 podcast

Experts Corner Blog: Top 3 Tips for Maintaining Healthy Vision with Remote Learning and Work

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12. ‘‘I find NeuroTracker’s Speed Threshold scores to be an excellent marker of physical and psychological fatigue’’

Julien Southon, Sports Psychologist and Director of Sport Your Brain

Experts Corner Blog: Unlocking Athletic Potential During COVID-19

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13. ‘‘This is one amazing Neuroscience technology. We use it as the foundation for our fight-sport neurocognitive performance training.’’

Dr. Roman Velasquez, Neuro Peak Performance

Experts Corner Blog: Harnessing the Athletic Brain‍

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14. ‘‘Rapid decision-making…that’s what NeuroTracker does so well.  We love it, we use it in everything we do.”

Dr. Donald Teig, Director of the A Team High Performance Vision Associates

Video interview: Dr Teig on the Performance Role of NeuroTracker

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15. ‘‘The biggest gains with training tend to be in depth and speed perception, reaction and concentration, focus, eye-hand coordination and peripheral awareness, which we can demonstrate are clearly improved.”

Dr. Richard Hoctin Boes, O.D., Director of eye4vison Neuro Optometry

Experts Corner Blog: Sports Vision Training Isn’t Just for Athletes

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16. ‘‘We found that NeuroTracker baselines explained a significant amount of the variance in movement speed and efficiency with medical students performing a surgery simulation test.”

Sebastian Harenberg PhD. Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University

Experts Corner Blog: A Fresh Perspective on Surgeon Development‍

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17. ‘‘We're able to apply this in school settings because it's very intuitive and kids pick it up right off the bat.’’

Domineco Tullo, PhD researcher, Perceptual Neuroscience Lab, McGill University

Video interview: Domenico Tullo on NeuroTracker, Education and Learning Difficulties

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18. “NeuroTracker is an ideal spatial training tool. It forces athletes to be open in space, and that’s a critical skill to keep driving and improve.”

Dr. Charles Shidlofsky, O.D., P.A., FCOVD, Head of Neuro-Vision Associates of North Texas

Experts Corner Blog: Taking on Next-Level Performance Training‍

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19. “NeuroTracker is a nice tool to stimulate neuroplasticity, helping older patients retain their independence for as long as possible.”

Kyla Demers, Osteopath and sports medicine pioneer for Osteo & Cie and Vertex Concussion

Experts Corner Blog: Advancing Concussion Care‍

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20. “NeuroTracker is a must-have tool. Our athletes report better reading of game flow, anticipation of collisions, decision-making under high pressure.”

Dr. Pierre Beauchamp, Sport Psychologist and performance coach for the Canadian Olympic Association

Experts Corner Blog: Gaining The Winning Edge‍

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21. “NeuroTracker is definitely the future, it's going to blow the market of eSports training.”

Max, Montreal eSports Academy Performance Coach

Video interview: NeuroTracker Testimonials - eSports

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If you enjoyed these, then look out for a follow-up blog with quotes from elite athletes at the top of their game. For now, you can check out our earlier blogs with insights from the NeuroTracker community.

7 Pro Athletes Give Their 2 Cents on NeuroTracker

10 Leaders in Human Performance Give Their 2 Cents on NeuroTracker

Lastly you can also watch lots of testimonial interviews on our YouTube channel.

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The human microbiome goes unnoticed by the naked eye, yet it is an astonishingly complex community of trillions of microorganisms that inhabit our skin, mouth, and gut. A bit like a bustling metropolis, these microbial inhabitants are part of our personal ecosystem, influencing our health in many profound ways that science has only recently started to reveal, even including our mental health. Here we'll introduce what the microbiome is, it's various roles, and highlight its significance for our overall wellbeing.

What is the Microbiome?

The term "microbiome" refers to a collection of microorganisms that inhabit a specific environment. For humans, the most well-known microbiomes are located in the gut, skin, and mouth. Each of these habitats is home to unique communities of microorganisms that serve distinct roles in our overall well-being. Although they live in symbiosis with us, if their composition becomes imbalanced (AKA dysbiosis) or weakened, then there can be negative repercusions of specific aspects of our health.

The Gut Microbiome: A Digestive Dynamo

The gut microbiome, nestled within our intestines, is the most extensively studied of all. Comprising trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, it forms a complex ecosystem crucial for human health. The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in:

Digestion: These microbial inhabitants assist in breaking down food, extracting nutrients, and even synthesizing essential vitamins.

Immune Function: They contribute to a well-functioning immune system by training immune cells and providing defense against harmful pathogens.

Metabolism: The gut microbiome is now known to influence weight and energy balance, impacting conditions like obesity and diabetes.

Brain Health: Through the gut-brain axis, it communicates with the central nervous system, affecting mood, cognition, and even mental health.

The Skin Microbiome: Guardians of Dermatology

On the surface of our bodies, the skin microbiome exists as an extensive community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. While we might associate microbes with infection, these microorganisms are vital for our health. The skin microbiome is essential for:

Barrier Function: By outcompeting harmful pathogens, it forms a protective barrier that prevents skin diseases and infections.

Immune Modulation: It plays a crucial role in training the immune system to respond appropriately to challenges.

Wound Healing: Recent studies suggest that the skin microbiome influences how quickly wounds heal and scar formation.

The Oral Microbiome: Keeping Oral Health in Check

In the oral cavity, a diverse range of microorganisms resides in the mouth microbiome. These microorganisms maintain a balance that is essential for our oral health by:

Dental Health: They influence the development of dental plaque and caries, a process that leads to tooth decay.

Oral Infections: A well-balanced oral microbiome can prevent infections like gingivitis and periodontitis.

Systemic Health: Emerging research suggests a link between the oral microbiome and systemic conditions, including heart disease.

The Gut-Brain Axis: A Bidirectional Superhighway

One of the most fascinating discoveries in recent years is the intricate connection between the gut and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis. This bidirectional communication system involves not only the nervous system but also the immune system and endocrine system. The gut microbiome is a key player in this dialogue, influencing:

Mood and Behavior: Emerging studies suggest a link between the gut microbiome and psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression.

Neurological Health: The gut microbiome may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Cognitive Function: The gut-brain axis is involved in modulating cognitive function and may impact conditions like autism.

Takeaway

In the landscape of the human body, the microbiome is a new realm of biological science that is accelerating our understanding of health and disease. As research continues, we are uncovering more knowledge on the profound influences of the gut, skin, and mouth microbiomes, as well as the pivotal roles microbes play in psychological health via the gut-brain axis. The microbiome is not just a fascinating scientific phenomenon, it is very much part of who we are and plays a central role in our overall wellbeing.

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In recent years, scientific research has increasingly focused on the intricate relationship between the gut and the brain. This connection, often referred to as the "gut-brain axis," has revealed fascinating insights into how gut health can profoundly influence brain function and mental well-being. Here we will delve into three ways in which your gut health may play a pivotal role in shaping your mental health.

The Microbiota-Brain Communication

The human gut harbors a complex ecosystem of trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota. These microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and more, and they have a profound impact on various aspects of our health. Recent studies have shown that these tiny inhabitants of our digestive tract are not just passive bystanders - they actively communicate with the brain.

The gut-brain communication occurs through a network of neural pathways, immune signals, and chemical messengers, such as neurotransmitters and cytokines. One such example is the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating mood. Surprisingly, around 95% of serotonin is synthesized in the gut. An imbalance in gut microbiota can disrupt this delicate balance, potentially contributing to mental health disorders like depression and anxiety.

Inflammation and Mental Health

Chronic inflammation has long been associated with a host of physical ailments, but emerging evidence suggests that it may also be a key player in mental health disorders. The gut, as a central hub of the immune system, plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammation throughout the body.

When the gut microbiota is imbalanced, it can lead to a condition known as "leaky gut," where the intestinal lining becomes permeable, allowing harmful substances to escape into the bloodstream. This can trigger an inflammatory response, which can extend to the brain through various pathways, including the vagus nerve. Elevated levels of inflammation in the brain have been linked to mood disorders like depression and cognitive decline.

Gut-Brain Axis and Stress

Stress is an inevitable part of modern life, and its effects on mental health are well-documented. However, what may come as a surprise to many is that the gut can influence our stress response. The gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in regulating the body's stress response system, including the release of stress hormones like cortisol.

Imbalances in the gut microbiota can disrupt this delicate balance, potentially leading to an exaggerated stress response. This heightened response to stress can increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders and exacerbate existing mental health conditions.

Takeaway

The growing body of research on the gut-brain connection is shedding light on the profound influence of gut health on brain function and mental well-being. From microbiota-brain communication to the role of inflammation and stress regulation, the gut appears to be a central player in mental health.

While further research is needed to fully understand the complexities of this relationship, it is increasingly clear that maintaining a healthy gut through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management can have a positive impact on mental health. As we continue to explore the mysteries of the gut-brain axis, it opens new avenues for potential interventions and treatments for mental health disorders as well as prevention of them before they develop.

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Memory has fascinated scientists and scholars for centuries. But how do we actually remember information and our past experiences? Here we will highlight the intricate pathways of memory formation in the brain, as well as cover three lifestyle habits that can help improve our memory skills.

Understanding Memory Formation

The process of memory formation does not involve storing information in one specific region, instead memories are distributed across various brain regions, each serving its unique purpose. For example when it comes to memorization of language, recent research has revealed that different types of words are distributed throughout the neocortex. Here is a fascinating overview by Nature.
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The are three processes involved memory formation and access of memories.

Encoding: The journey of a memory begins with encoding. During this phase, sensory information from our environment is transformed into a format that the brain can store. The hippocampus, a seahorse-shaped structure deep within the brain, plays a vital role in this process. It consolidates information from different sensory modalities, creating a cohesive memory.

Storage: Once encoded, memories are stored in different parts of the brain depending on their type. Short-term memories reside in the prefrontal cortex, while long-term memories find their home in the cortex's various regions. These memories are stored as neural connections and synapses, forming a complex network that can be strengthened or weakened over time.

Retrieval: The final phase of memory is retrieval. When we need to access a memory, the brain actively reconstructs it by reactivating the neural pathways associated with that memory. This is when our brain connects the dots between different pieces of information to create a coherent memory.

The key point is that the synaptic connections between neurons are key to the vast amount information our brains can manage, and these connections gravitate towards spanning vast and complex networks (known as 'diffusive flow'). Neuroplasticity is the driving force behind the growth of new connections, which plays a critical role in our memory abilities throughout our lives.

Lifestyle Habits to Enhance Memory

Lifestyle choices can have a profound impact on memory formation and preservation. Here are three key habits that can significantly improve memory.

Regular Physical Activity: Engaging in regular physical exercise not only benefits the body but also the brain. Exercise increases blood flow to the brain, promoting the growth of new neurons and the release of neurotransmitters that enhance memory. Studies have shown that aerobic exercises like running or swimming can boost cognitive function, memory recall and enlarge the size of our hippocampus.

Mental Stimulation: Just as physical exercise benefits the body, mental exercise is crucial for the brain. Engaging in activities that challenge your mind, such as puzzles, chess, or learning a new language, can stimulate the growth of new neural pathways and strengthen existing ones. These activities keep your brain sharp and improve memory retention. It is also essential for boosting neuroplasticity.

A Balanced Diet: The food we consume plays a vital role in brain health and memory. A diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids can protect brain cells from damage and enhance cognitive function. Foods like blueberries, fatty fish, and leafy greens are also known for their brain-boosting properties.

Takeaways

Memory formation is a complex process driven by neuroplasticity and involves encoding, storage and retrieval. Incorporating lifestyle habits such as regular physical activity, mental stimulation, and a balanced diet can significantly improve memory and overall brain health.

Understanding how memories are formed in the brain can shed light on the ways we can enhance our cognitive abilities. That said, as neuroscience continues to explore the intricacies of the human brain, it is clear there is still much to discover in terms of how we can unlock its full potential and preserve the memories that define our lives.

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In the landscape of human health, the brain is often the most overlooked aspect for maintaining wellbeing. Often referred to as the most complex organ in the body, keeping your grey matter in optimal health is paramount for sustaining a high quality of life. Here we will highlight five of the most significant threats to brain health that we can manage on a daily basis.

Sedentary Lifestyle: The Enemy of Brain Health

A sedentary lifestyle may not seem directly connected to brain health, but the scientific evidence is clear: physical activity is one of the most potent tools we have to protect our brains. Regular exercise increases blood flow to the brain, which nourishes brain cells with essential nutrients and oxygen.

Furthermore, exercise promotes the release of neurotrophic factors, which aid in the growth and maintenance of brain cells. It also enhances mood, reduces stress, and improves sleep quality, all of which are crucial for brain health.

Poor Diet: Your Brain is What You Eat

What you eat significantly impacts your brain's health. A diet rich in processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive saturated fats can contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress, damaging brain cells. Ultraprocessed foods commonplace in our diets, from french fries and donuts to waffles and burgers, have also been found to accelerate long term cognitive decline in aging.

Conversely, a balanced diet comprising fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats provides the brain with the nutrients it needs to function optimally. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and walnuts, are particularly helpful for brain health, as they support cognitive function and reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

Chronic Stress: Emergency Survival Mode

Stress is an inevitable part of life, but chronic stress can wreak havoc on the brain, triggering an emergency state of functioning based around short-term survival. Prolonged exposure to stress hormones, such as cortisol, can impair memory, hinder the formation of new brain cells, and even shrink the hippocampus, a brain region crucial for memory and learning. In cases of severe and prolonged stress from traumatic experiences, growth throughout the body actually grinds to a halt.

Managing stress through mindfulness practices, relaxation techniques, vacation time, social support, or just 'taking time out' are all helpful antidotes for breaking the toll on on-going stress and preserving brain health.

Sleep Deprivation: When the Brain Loses Its Balance

Sleep is when the brain regenerates and consolidates memories. Chronic sleep deprivation not only impairs cognitive function and mood but also increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Sleep also triggers the flow of cerebral spinal fluid - a liquid that is pumped around the brain which helps remove waste and detoxify the organ between your ears - like a nightly rinse cycle.

Establishing a consistent sleep schedule and creating a sleep-friendly environment are simple steps for encouraging sleep habits that help the brain get the regular restorative effects it needs.

Neglecting Mental Stimulation: The Brain's Lifelong Nourishment

The brain thrives on stimulation and novelty. Failing to engage in mentally stimulating activities can accelerate cognitive decline. This is because neuroplasticity is a two-way street, where 'use it or lose it' is very much the case when it comes to your neural networks.

Activities such as socializing with others, reading, solving puzzles, learning a new language, or playing musical instruments can enhance cognitive reserve, delaying the onset of age-related cognitive decline and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

Takeaway

As guardians of our own minds, it is up to us to prioritize brain health in our daily lives. By avoiding a sedentary lifestyle, maintaining a balanced diet, managing stress, prioritizing sleep, and engaging in mental stimulation, we can protect our brains from common threats to overall wellbeing.

More importantly, such threats are compounded synergistically - if these factors are neglected in combination over time, the risks to brain health are far more significant. This means that any positive habits to help nurture our brains goes a long way to reducing the strain on our billions of neurons trying to keep us sharp throughout our lives.

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In recent years, the scientific community has been increasingly drawn to the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances. Among these, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), commonly known as ecstasy, has emerged as a promising candidate for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a groundbreaking clinical study published in Nature Medicine, researchers have unveiled compelling evidence that suggests MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could be a game-changer in the field of PTSD treatment. Here we will cover the highlights.

PTSD: A Persistent Mental Health Challenge

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a debilitating condition that can develop in the aftermath of traumatic experiences such as combat, sexual assault, or serious accidents. Characterized by symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety, PTSD can significantly impair an individual's quality of life. Traditional therapeutic approaches, including psychotherapy and medications, have had limited success in alleviating the suffering of those afflicted by this condition.

The MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Paradigm

This study represents a pivotal moment in the ongoing quest to find more effective treatments for PTSD. Researchers conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 clinical trial, involving 90 participants with severe PTSD. The key innovation was the integration of MDMA into psychotherapy sessions.

Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the MDMA-assisted psychotherapy group or the placebo group. Over the course of 2 months, both groups underwent a course psychotherapy sessions, with one crucial difference – participants in the MDMA group received a moderate dose of the drug during each session.

The Results: A Ray of Hope

The MDMA-assisted psychotherapy group exhibited a significant reduction in PTSD symptom severity compared to the placebo group. After the final therapy session,  72% of people in the MDMA group no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, compared to about 48% of the placebo group. Assessments post-treatment also showed that 86% of the MDMA group continued to improve on standardized PTSD assessments, with on-going reductions in symptoms such as nightmares, flashbacks and insomnia.

The effects seen on the long-term follow-up assessments are particularly promising given the risk of PTSD relaspe, and the costs associated with continuous therapy. The results overall suggest that MDMA related alterations in cognitive functions grossly enhanced the benefits of psychological therapy, both in terms of responsiveness and lasting positive effects.

How MDMA Works its Magic

MDMA is believed to exert its therapeutic effects through several mechanisms:

Enhanced Communication: MDMA promotes emotional openness and trust, facilitating more productive psychotherapy sessions where patients can confront and process their trauma.

Reduction in Fear Response: The drug appears to dampen the brain's fear response, allowing patients to engage with their traumatic memories without becoming overwhelmed.

Enhanced Empathy and Connection: MDMA heightens feelings of empathy and connection, strengthening the therapeutic alliance between patients and therapists.

These combined effects may allow patients to become more trusting psychologically and accessible to their therapists, accelerating the progression of their therapy.

The Road Ahead

While these findings are undoubtedly promising, further research and clinical trials are needed to confirm the long-term safety and efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD. Nonetheless, this study represents a significant step towards a more effective and humane treatment for a condition that has plagued countless individuals.

By harnessing the potential of this once-controversial substance, researchers are offering hope over the debilitating effects of PTSD for those patients who have had little success with conventional approaches. This new study suggests an important role more generally for psychedelics in the field of mental health treatment, which due to their practical advantages could reduce the costs of psychological healthcare, and in turn, allow more patients to access the treatment they need.

Study link: MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (open access)

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In the fast-paced tornado of modern life, when stress and anxiety are woven into daily living, yoga and meditation become your refuge of total well-being. These ancient practices provide a sanctuary for your mind, body, and spirit amid the chaos, offering advantages beyond physical exercise. The seamless blend of yoga's physical elegance and meditation's thoughtful introspection leads to inner serenity, emotional resilience, and spiritual progress. Therefore, this article provides in-depth details about yoga and meditation's benefits.

The Symbiotic Dance of Yoga and Meditation

Yoga & meditation are like a dance, a symbiotic collaboration that improves both practices. Through physical relaxation, cognitive quiet, and attention, yoga prepares the body for meditation. This synchronicity unlocks your ultimate well-being.

1. A Harmonious Blend for Overall Well-being

Combining yoga and meditation boosts their effects. The stress reduction and relaxation response of meditation amplifies the impact of yoga on sleep quality, immunity, and hormone balance. Their self-care symphony promotes your physical health and endocrine system's delicate dance.

2. Empowerment and Fulfillment

Along this transforming journey, you feel empowered. Yoga and meditation promote self-love, uniqueness, and emotional resilience. This increased strength propels you toward a life of purpose and potential, bringing fulfillment and empowerment.

3. Uniting With the Self and Beyond

Yoga and meditation unite you and the world. Self-discovery is linked to connection and diversity. This unity guides you beyond your mat to purpose and peace.

4. Embarking on Your Holistic Well-being Journey

In the midst of life's chaos, yoga and meditation guide you toward overall well-being. They transform lives to handle life's problems with poise and grit. Mind, body, and spirit work together to bring peace, contentment, and a deep connection to your soul. Inhale and move onto your mat to begin this transformative journey to harmony, self-discovery, and nourishment of mind, body, and spirit.

Yoga: A Holistic Discipline Rooted in Ancient Wisdom

The ancient Indian practice of yoga connects mind, body, and spirit. Its holistic approach reflects the interconnection of these three parts of your being. Yoga reduces stress, improves flexibility, and clears the mind through a combination of physical postures, breath control, and awareness. The comprehensive nature of yoga invites you to examine the profound link between your physical being and your consciousness.

1. Embracing the Mind-Body-Spirit Connection

Integrating mind, body, and spirit is yoga's essence. Harmony and unity within oneself are the goals of this physical activity. Yoga improves inner calm and balance by encouraging this connection. Asanas, or physical postures, strengthen and align the body, improving blood circulation, detoxification, and cellular sustenance.

2. Fortifying the Physical Self

Yoga poses have several physical benefits. The postures build strength, balance, and posture. These routines increase blood circulation, which aids detoxification.

Proper asana posture avoids injuries and manages chronic pain, making it a welcoming practice for individuals seeking physical relief.

You gain strength and balance and watch your blood flow as you go through positions. This detoxifying dance nourishes and energizes every cell.

3. Breath Control: The Essence of Pranayama

Pranayama, or breath regulation, is one of the pillars of yoga. Imagine mastering your breath, a bridge between your outward world and your inner reality. Inhaling and exhaling thoughtfully increases lung capacity, respiratory function, and deep relaxation.

4. Nurturing Emotional Wellness

Yoga helps mental well-being as well as physical health. Imagine the postures as emotional well-being. Fluid yoga postures and focused breath release endorphins. Feel-good hormones gently caress your inner self and lift your mood. This can aid depression management. The practice boosts serotonin, fostering self-awareness, mindfulness, and coping skills to help you overcome life's obstacles.

Meditation: A Gateway to Inner Tranquility

Meditation deepens your intellect and complements yoga's physical components. It boosts self-awareness, positivity, and emotional resilience. Close your eyes and envision a quiet location in your mind where you may examine your thoughts without judgment. Meditation, which promotes self-reflection and self-love, is based on this.

Each session improves cognitive performance, mental clarity, and attention. You tap into a universal energy that nourishes your spirit and links you to everything in this sanctuary.

1. Unleashing the Power of Mindfulness

Mindfulness, or being present in the moment, is the foundation of meditation. This exercise helps you observe your thoughts without judgment and disrupt negative thought patterns that cause tension and anxiety. Mindfulness can help you build compassion and self-acceptance, accepting your journey with kindness and empathy.

2. Strengthening Cognitive Abilities

Meditation has impressive cognitive impacts. Memory, cognition, and mental clarity improve with regular meditation. This is important in today's distracted environment. Meditation helps you focus and concentrate on routine duties.

3. The Spiritual and Transcendent

Meditation links the physical and spiritual. It leads to deep inner tranquility and self-discovery. The technique emphasizes unity and interconnectedness, like yoga. You can experience harmony, a greater connection with your spirit, and overall well-being through meditation.

Final Words

Your entire existence benefits from yoga and meditation. The complicated endocrine system dances to the rhythm of self-care, and its effects can be felt in the quality of sleep you get and the strength of your immune system. They give you the tools to eat well and respect your body.

In the broad fabric of life, yoga and meditation unite to celebrate connectivity, empower, and discover self. This holistic practice connects you with the world and yourself. Yoga and meditation become a gateway to fulfilling lives, confirming the search for inner peace, transforming power, and total well-being in the refuge you create within yourself.

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